Identify the compounds A and B in the given reactions: C 6 H 5 OH → Zn dust A → anhyd . AlCl 3 CH 3 COCl B .

Phenol undergoes a reduction reaction when heated with Zinc dust and forms benzene. It is one of the vital methods to prepare benzene. C 6 H 5 OH → Zn dust C 6 H 6 . The benzene reacts with acetyl chloride in presence of anhydrous aluminium chloride to form acetophenone. The reaction is a Friedel-craft reaction in which an acyl group is attached to the aromatic ring. In the Friedel-craft acylation reaction, ketone is formed as the main product. C 6 H 6 → anhyd . AlCl 3 CH 3 COCl C 6 H 5 - CO - CH 3 + HCl .

How will you obtain salicylaldehyde from phenol ? (Give balanced chemical equations).

Reimer-Tiemann reaction : When phenol is treated with chloroform in the presence of sodium hydroxide, a − CHO group is introduced at the ortho position of the benzene ring. This reaction is known as the Reimer-Tiemann reaction. The intermediate is hydrolyzed in presence of alkalis to produce salicylaldehyde.

How will you obtain iodoform from ethanol ? (Give balanced chemical equations).

When ethanol is warmed at 60 ∘ C with iodine in the presence of an alkali, iodoform is obtained. C 2 H 5 OH + 4 I 2 + 6 NaOH ⟶ CHI 3 + HCOONa + 5 NaI + 5 H 2 O

How will you obtain benzene from phenol ? (Give balanced chemical equations).

To make Benzene from Phenol, Phenol reacts with Zinc dust at a higher temperature, the phenol, is converted to a phenoxide ion and a proton, which accepts an electron from Zn forming an hydrogen radical. Which results in the formation of ZnO and the phenoxide ion that was formed, converts itself into Benzene.

How will you obtain ethyl acetate from ethanol?

Reaction of an alcohol with a carboxylic acid in presence of an acid to produce an ester is known as esterification reaction. When acetic acid reacts with ethanol in presence of an acid, it produces ethyl acetate. CH 3 COOH + C 2 H 5 OH → H + CH 3 COOC 2 H 5 + H 2 O

How will you obtain anisole from phenol.

When phenol reacts with a base NaOH , it forms phenoxide ion. Which on reacting with methyl bromide it converted to anisole.

How will you obtain ethyl chloride from diethyl ether.

When diethyl ether reacts with PCl 5 , it gives ethyl chloride and POCl 3 . Phosphorus pentachloride brings about the cleavage of carbon-oxygen bond of diethyl ether leading to the formation of ethyl chloride. C 2 H 5 − O − C 2 H 5 + PCl 5 ⟶ 2 C 2 H 5 Cl + POCl 3

How will you obtain Picric acid from phenol.

Picric acid is 2 , 4 , 6 -trinitrophenol. It is an acidic phenol and an explosive compound also. Phenols react with nitrating mixture Conc . H 2 SO 4 and Conc . HNO 3 and gives picric acid.