Give reasons: Old age people show weakened immune responses.

Old age people show weakened immune responses. This is because of the thymus gland that degenerates as age progresses. The thymus gland secretes a hormone named thymosin which stimulates the development of White Blood Cells (WBCs), involved in producing immunity.

Give reasons: People living in the hilly regions are advised to use iodised salt.

People living in the hilly regions are advised to use iodised salt because, in the hilly regions, there is a lack of iodine in the diet as well as drinking water, causing goitre to the thyroid gland. In order to avoid the occurrence of goitre, people are advised to use iodised salt.

Give reasons: Oxytocin is a ‘birth hormone’.

Oxytocin is a ‘birth hormone’ because it helps the labouring woman's uterus to contract and birth her baby. Oxytocin is released in the bloodstream as a hormone for stretching the cervix and uterus during labour and also during breastfeeding.

Give reason: The pituitary gland was formerly called the ‘master endocrine gland'.

The pituitary gland was formerly called the ‘master endocrine gland' as it is the main endocrine gland that produces hormones that control other glands and many body functions including growth. The pituitary consists of the anterior region that produces six hormones and posterior pituitary produces two hormones.

Sketch and label the lateral view of a human brain.

Figure: The Human Brain The lateral view of the brain shows the three major parts of the brain, cerebrum, cerebellum and brainstem. Observed from the lateral aspect, there are many anatomical landmarks on these structures that carry great functional importance.