Study the diagram given and then answer the questions given below. Name the cells of the pancreas that produce (1) glucagon (2) insulin

Insulin is released by the 'beta or β cells' in the islets of Langerhans in response to food. Its role is to lower glucose levels in the bloodstream and promote the storage of glucose in fat, muscle, liver and other body tissues. 'Alpha or α cells' in the islets of Langerhans produce another important hormone, glucagon.

Study the diagram given and then answer the questions that follow: State the main function of ( 1 ) glucagon ( 2 ) insulin.

1 - Glucagon acts mainly on the liver cells and stimulates glycogenolysis resulting in an increased blood sugar. 2 - Insulin plays a major role in the regulation of glucose homeostasis. Insulin acts mainly on hepatocytes and adipocytes, and enhances cellular glucose uptake and utilisation.

Study the diagram given and then answer the questions that follow: Why is the pancreas referred to as an exo-endocrine gland?

The pancreas referred to as an exo-endocrine gland because it acts both as an exocrine and an endocrine gland. Its exocrine part produces pancreatic juice and endocrine part contains islets of Langerhans which secrete hormones.

Study the diagram given and then answer the questions that follow: Why is insulin not given orally but is injected into the body?

Insulin is a polypeptide hormone and so if given orally, it will get digested by the protein-digesting enzymes in the stomach. Therefore, it is injected into the body directly into the bloodstream. It is considered to be the main anabolic hormone of the body.

Study the diagram given and then answer the questions that follow: Where in the body is pancreas located?

Pancreas is a composite gland. It is about 6 inches long and sits across the back of the abdomen, behind the stomach. The pancreas has two main functions: an exocrine function that helps in digestion and an endocrine function that regulates blood sugar.