Heterospory and seed habit are often discussed in relation to a structure called:

Pteriodophytes, especially ferns possess the following characteristics

i) Circinate vernation

ii) Ramenta

iii) Eustele

iv) Paraphysis

The correct combination is 

Choose correct pair from the following
$\mathrm{I})$ Primary producers: Important step in evolution

$\mathrm{II})$ Specific water requirement for fertilization of Pteridophytes: Restricted to narrow geographical regions

$\mathrm{III})$ Growth of young embryo in female gametophyte: Food cycle of aquatic animals

$\mathrm{IV})$ Colonization of mosses and Lichens on rocks: Ecological significance

Assertion $\left(\mathrm{A}\right):$ In pteridophytes, the gametophytes require cool, damp, shady places to grow.

Reason $\left(\mathrm{R}\right):$ Specific requirement and the need for water for fertilization, the spread of living pteridophytes is limited and restricted to narrow geographical regions.

The correct answer is:

Assertion (A): In evolution, the distribution of Bryophytes and Pteridophytes, was limited.

Reason (R) : The need for water for the transportation of male gametes and fertilization limited their distribution.

The correct option among the following is:

Assertion: In Bryophytes & Pteridophytes, the number of male gametes produced is several thousand times the number of female gametes produced.

Reason: A large number of male gametes fail to reach the female gametes during transport.

The correct match is:

Assertion (A): The development of zygote into young embryo with in female gametophyte indicates the precursor for the seed habit.

Reason (R) : In pteridophytes, the gametophyte requires cool, damp, shady place to grow.

The correct option among the following is:

Arrange the following plants with their respective classes in the same order. Sphenopsida, Psilopsida, Pteropsida, Lycopsida, Gnetopsida

A) Selaginella
B) Equisitum
C) Sphagnum
D) Adiantum
E) Psilotum
F) Gnetum