Explain the following : Paramagnetism.

The substances which have permanent magnetic dipoles and are attracted by the magnetic field are known as paramagnetic substances. They are magnetised in a magnetic field in the same direction. These substances consist of atom, ions or molecules having at least one or more unpaired electrons. Example: Cu 2 + , Fe 3 + , O 2 , VO 2 , CuO , etc.

Explain the following: Face centered cubic cell.

The smallest repeating unit of the crystal lattice is the unit cell. It is the building block of a crystal. A unit cell can either be primitive cubic, body-centred cubic or face-centred cubic. An FCC unit cell contains atoms at all the corners of the crystal lattice and at the centre of all the faces of the cube. The atom present at the face-centered is shared between two adjacent unit cells and only half of each atom belongs to an individual cell. The total number of atoms in a unit cell is four atoms.

Explain the following: Body centered cubic

The smallest repeating unit of the crystal lattice is the unit cell. It is the building block of a crystal. A unit cell can either be primitive cubic, body-centred cubic or face-centred cubic. A BCC unit cell has atoms at each corner of the cube and an atom at the centre of the structure. In BCC unit cell every corner has atoms. In BCC the total number of atoms present per unit cell is 2 atoms.

Explain the following : Doping

The process of adding impurities to an intrinsic semiconductor to increase its conductivity is called doping. The doped material is referred as extrinsic semiconductor. Doping is done to generate either a surplus or a deficiency in valence electrons.

Explain the following : Tetrahedral voids

The vacant space between the spheres of a closed packed structure is called void. Tetrahedral void is the void enclosed by three spheres and capped by a fourth sphere. Thus, this void exists at the centre of a tetrahedron. This is bigger than trigonal void. The ratio of the radius of the tetrahedral void and the radius of each surrounding sphere is 0.2247.

Explain the following : Ferromagnetism

Ferromagnetism: The substances which are strongly attracted by the magnetic field and show permanent magnetism even when the magnetic field is removed are known as ferromagnetic substances. The property thus exhibited is called ferromagnetism. In solid state, the metal ions of ferromagnetic substances are grouped together into small regions called domains. Thus, each domain acts as a tiny magnet. Substances like iron, cobalt, nickel, CrO 2 etc. exhibit very strong magnetic property. These substances can be permanently magnetised. They contain large number of unpaired electrons.

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EMBIBE CHAPTER WISE PREVIOUS YEAR PAPERS FOR CHEMISTRY>Chapter -1 - The Solid State>Chattisgarh Board-2018>Q 1

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12th Chhattisgarh Board

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How is body centered cubic cell (b.c.c) formed? Calculate the number of atoms in its unit cell.

Chapter-Wise 3D Chemistry Videos from Embibe Experts EMBIBE CHAPTER WISE PREVIOUS YEAR PAPERS FOR CHEMISTRY

05 min 06 sec

The Face-centered Cubic Unit Cell

The video discusses the parameters involved in defining a Face centered cubic unit cell. It describes the relationship between the edge length of the cube an...

05 min 37 sec

Body-centred Cubic Unit Cell

The video describes the relationship between the edge length of the cube and the radius of the atom present in the BCC unit cell and the contact line for the...

05 min 29 sec

Hexagonal Close Packing in 2D and 3D

When the rows of spheres are stacked over each other, a 2D closed packed structure is produced. Let’s see how the stacking is done to produce a hexagonal clo...

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