Name: Refining of Petroleum
Uploaded: 2019-07-19
Duration: 1 min 55 s
Description: Petrol is an essential product, which doesn't derive directly from nature, and it requires a certain type of process called the fractional distillation proce...

Question

How is petroleum mined? What is the principle of refining petroleum? Name four important products obtained during its refining.

Accepted Answer

The prospective side of petroleum is located and mapped by geographic, geological and seismic methods. With the help of giant rigs, a hole is drilled in earth's crust. When the hole reaches oil cap, natural gas comes out first with a great pressure. When the pressure of gas subsides, petroleum starts flowing out. When the pressure falls further, the petroleum is pumped out by electric motors.

The petroleum is refined by fractional distillation. In fractional distillation, first the petroleum is converted into its vapour form on strong heating. The vapours are then passed into a tall fractionating column in which various chambers are kept at different temperatures. The vapours with a higher boiling point condense first in the lowest chamber. The vapours with lesser boiling points condense in upper chambers.

The important products obtained from petroleum are
(i)Residual oil, (ii) Fuel oil, (iii) Diesel oil, (iv) Kerosene oil and (v) Petrol.

How is petroleum mined? What is the principle of refining petroleum? Name four important products obtained during its refining.

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