Hydrogen gas is commercially produced by electrolysis of water, reforming of natural gas, and gasification of coal.

Electrolytic processes take place in an electrolyzer. Electrolyzers consist of an anode and a cathode separated by an electrolyte where hydrogen gas is collected at cathode.

 

A chemist experimenting in such a way, passed the liberated hydrogen gas to two chambers A and B. Chamber A contains a liquid that is lighter than water and is used for cooking purposes, and chamber B contains a gas that is most abundantly found in the air. After the reaction, chamber A produces a solid product but chamber B formed a gaseous compound which is used for the manufacturing of fertilizers.

Name the product formed in chamber A. What is the process called that takes place in this chamber? Give the reaction that takes place in chamber B and identify the product formed.

Read the following passage and answer the questions that follow.
Ali noticed that thick, black smoke was coming out from his school bus. He met the transport in-charge and convinced him to get the bus checked for harmful gas emission.

A. How do you think pollution check-up of the bus will help in controlling air pollution?

B. Suggest an environment-friendly fuel for this bus.

C. Do you think that by walking short distances instead of using a motor vehicle, we can help in keeping the air clean?

A complex mixture X is a black-coloured fossil fuel that is as hard as stone. It is obtained through a process known as carbonisation. The main component of mixture X is known as the backbone of organic chemistry, and it also contains variable amounts of hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen and sulphur. Mixture X is a significant source of energy in the generation of electrical power via steam generation. Mixture X is also used in the manufacturing of cement, medicines, tars, synthetic petroleum-based fuels, and residential and commercial heating.

Answer the following questions based on your understanding of the above.

A.Give the name of the mixture X.

B. Write the name of the main component of mixture X.

C. Describe how mixture X is formed.

D. Identify the different types of mixtures X.

E. Name three useful products of mixture X.

Raju and his father were walking down a street. Raju observed that the construction workers making the road added some black substance to make the surface of road. Raju asked his father, if black paint was being added. They both continued walking and his father said that "I too don't know, but when I was young they were using a similar black substance, but it seemed a bit different."

Can you help Raju recognise the black chemical that his father mentioned as well as identify the substance that is currently utilised for road surfacing?

One day Samir saw his gardener collecting all the dry leaves in their garden and making a pile of it for it to burn. Samir went there and stopped him from doing so. He also educated his gardener about the adverse effects burning of dry leaves have on our environment. The gardener was satisfied and thanked Samir for giving this knowledge to him, he also promised that he would also tell his friends about the same so that our environment is not destroyed. 

Why did Samir recommend against burning dry leaves? What can we do with the dry leaves instead of burning it?