Masses of bacteria associated with fungal filaments to form mesh like structure

The chemicals that kill or stop the growth of certain kinds of microbes are called antibiotics. They help our body to fight disease. Example: Penicillin, tetracycline, etc. The antibiotic penicillin is produced from Penicillium mould. Antibiotics can be defined as the substances that are primarily produced by certain harmless microorganisms. Antibiotics are chemicals produced by microorganisms, mainly bacteria and fungi. These microorganisms have the ability to destroy or inhibit the growth of pathogens at low concentration levels. The property of antibiotics to kill pathogenic microorganisms is called antibiosis.

Match the following organisms with the products they produce: Column - I Column – II ( a ) Clostridium butylicum ( i ) Lactic acid ( b ) Saccharomyces cerevisiae ( i i ) Butyric acid ( c ) Aspergillus niger ( i i i ) Citric acid ( d ) Acetobacter aceti ( i v ) Alcohol ( v ) Acetic acid

a - i i ; b - i v ; c - i i i ; d - v

a - i i ; b - i v ; c - v ; d - i i i

a - i i i ; b - i v ; c - v ; d - i

a - i i ; b - i ; c - i i i ; d - v

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Identify the missing parts $X$ and $Y$ from the following flow chart depicting the formation of curd from milk.

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Important Questions on Microbes in Human Welfare

EASY

Biology>Biology in Human Welfare>Microbes in Human Welfare>Microbes in Household Products

Flocs means _____.

HARD

Biology>Biology in Human Welfare>Microbes in Human Welfare>Microbes in Household Products

Describe the process involved in the conversion of milk into curd.

HARD

Biology>Biology in Human Welfare>Microbes in Human Welfare>Microbes in Household Products

An example of microbe in human welfare is given. Classify it under the headings given below:

Some examples of microbes in human welfare are given. Classify them under the headings given below:

[Egs : Rhizobium, Propionibacterium sharmanii, Azospirillum, Lactic acid bacteria, Anabaena, Azotobacter, Aspergillus niger, Saccharomyces cerevisiae]

Microbes in household	Microbe as Biofertilisers

EASY

Biology>Biology in Human Welfare>Microbes in Human Welfare>Microbes in Household Products

Role of microbes in household food processing.

EASY

Biology>Biology in Human Welfare>Microbes in Human Welfare>Microbes in Household Products

Conversion of milk to curd improves its nutritional value by increasing the amount of

HARD

Biology>Biology in Human Welfare>Microbes in Human Welfare>Microbes in Household Products

In which food would you find lactic acid bacteria? Mention some of their useful applications.

EASY

Biology>Biology in Human Welfare>Microbes in Human Welfare>Microbes in Household Products

Name the bacterium responsible for the large holes seen in ‘Swiss cheese’. What are those holes due to?

HARD

Biology>Biology in Human Welfare>Microbes in Human Welfare>Microbes in Household Products

Mention the use of any three bacteria as biofertilizer.

HARD

Biology>Biology in Human Welfare>Microbes in Human Welfare>Microbes in Household Products

Match the following list of microbes and their importance:

	Column I		Column II
A	Lactobacillus	(i)	Production of genetically-engineered clot busters
B	Monascus purpureus	(ii)	Production of citric acid
C	Streptococcus	(iii)	Conversion of milk into curd
D	Aspergillus niger	(iv)	Production of blood-cholesterol lowering agents

EASY

Biology>Biology in Human Welfare>Microbes in Human Welfare>Microbes in Household Products

Which among the following products of microbes is not obtained from fungi?

MEDIUM

Biology>Biology in Human Welfare>Microbes in Human Welfare>Microbes in Household Products

Why does 'Swiss cheese' have big holes? Name the bacteria responsible for it.

EASY

Biology>Biology in Human Welfare>Microbes in Human Welfare>Microbes in Household Products

Lactic acid bacteria (LAB) grow in milk and convert it to curd and also improve its nutritional quality by increasing

MEDIUM

Biology>Biology in Human Welfare>Microbes in Human Welfare>Microbes in Household Products

Microbes are useful to human beings in diverse ways. If so, name the following:

Lactic acid-producing bacterium

EASY

Biology>Biology in Human Welfare>Microbes in Human Welfare>Microbes in Household Products

Explain antibiotics.

MEDIUM

Biology>Biology in Human Welfare>Microbes in Human Welfare>Microbes in Household Products

Why does Swiss cheese have big holes? Give the name of the bacteria responsible for it.

EASY

Biology>Biology in Human Welfare>Microbes in Human Welfare>Microbes in Household Products

Identify the microorganism which is responsible for the production of an immunosuppressive molecule cyclosporin A:

HARD

Biology>Biology in Human Welfare>Microbes in Human Welfare>Microbes in Household Products

Explain how the microbes such as Trichoderma polysporum, Streptococcus and Monascus purpureus are used in human welfare.

MEDIUM

Biology>Biology in Human Welfare>Microbes in Human Welfare>Microbes in Household Products

Explain the changes that milk undergoes when suitable starter/inoculum is added to it. How does the end product formed prove to be beneficial for human health?

MEDIUM

Biology>Biology in Human Welfare>Microbes in Human Welfare>Microbes in Household Products

The microbes commonly used in kitchens are

MEDIUM

Biology>Biology in Human Welfare>Microbes in Human Welfare>Microbes in Household Products

Match the following organisms with the products they produce:

	Column - I		Column – II
$(a)$	Clostridium butylicum	$(i)$	Lactic acid
$(b)$	Saccharomyces cerevisiae	$(i i)$	Butyric acid
$(c)$	Aspergillus niger	$(i i i)$	Citric acid
$(d)$	Acetobacter aceti	$(i v)$	Alcohol
		$(v)$	Acetic acid

Identify the missing parts X and Y from the following flow chart depicting the formation of curd from milk.

Important Questions on Microbes in Human Welfare

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Identify the missing parts $X$ and $Y$ from the following flow chart depicting the formation of curd from milk.