Observe this figure and answer the questions given below: Name the part labelled as ‘1’. Name the heredity material of this virus. The person infected by this virus is attacked by various diseases.’ Explain.

1. Enzyme: An enzyme is a substance that acts as a catalyst in living organisms, regulating the rate at which chemical reactions proceed without itself being altered in the process. The enzyme present in the virus is called reverse transcriptase. Reverse transcriptase (RT) is a DNA polymerase enzyme that transcribes single-stranded RNA into DNA. 2. RNA: Ribonucleic acid (RNA) is a molecule similar to DNA. Unlike DNA, RNA is single-stranded. Deoxyribonucleic acid, or DNA, is a biological macromolecule that carries hereditary information in many organisms. 3. The virus shown in the above figure is the Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) virus HIV is a virus that attacks the immune system. The immune system fights infections and diseases in a person's body. Over time, HIV weakens a person's immune system, so the body becomes susceptible to diseases.

Complete the following table. Name of disease Causative agent Animals affected Poultry Bacteria Virus Sheep, deer, goats and cattle Distemper Fowl pox

Name of disease Causative agent Animals affected Bird flu Virus Poultry Tuberculosis Bacteria Humans Foot and mouth disease Virus Sheep, deer, goats and cattle Distemper Virus Dogs and cats Fowlpox Virus Chicken and turkey The microorganisms such as virus, bacteria, protozoa, fungi etc. cause various diseases in plants and animals. They harm the animals as well as their products such as milk, wool, egg and many more. When the products of infected animals are consumed by man, it causes adverse effects and causes many disorders.