Identify where phosphorous and arsenic are located on the periodic table. What do the compounds they form suggest about their reactivity and electronegativity on the basis of following reactions.

${\mathrm{P}}_2{\mathrm{I}}_4\left(\mathrm{s}\right)+{\mathrm{P}}_4\left(\mathrm{s}\right)+{\mathrm{H}}_2\mathrm{O}\left(\mathrm{l}\right)\to {\mathrm{PH}}_4\mathrm{I}\left(\mathrm{s}\right)+{\mathrm{H}}_3{\mathrm{PO}}_4\left(\mathrm{aq}\right)$

${\mathrm{AsCl}}_3\left(\mathrm{aq}\right)+{\mathrm{NaBH}}_4\left(\mathrm{aq}\right)\to {\mathrm{AsH}}_3\left(\mathrm{g}\right)+\mathrm{NaCl}\left(\mathrm{aq}\right)+{\mathrm{BCl}}_3\left(\mathrm{l}\right)$

Outline common properties of acids and bases listed in the table. Suggest how you might define acids and bases from your interpretations of the pattern.

Predict which acids and bases in the table will be the best electrolytes, assuming the same number of molecules is dissolved in water for comparison.

In the example below, the gas is being bubbled through water. Identify the pairs of acids and bases in the reaction.

$\underset{\mathrm{\_\_\_\_\_}}{\mathrm{HCl}\left(\mathrm{g}\right)}+\underset{\mathrm{\_\_\_\_\_}}{{\mathrm{H}}_2\mathrm{O}\left(\mathrm{l}\right)}\to \underset{\mathrm{\_\_\_\_\_}}{{\mathrm{Cl}}^{-}\left(\mathrm{aq}\right)}+\underset{\mathrm{\_\_\_\_\_}}{{\mathrm{H}}_3{\mathrm{O}}^{+}\left(\mathrm{aq}\right)}$

In the example below, the gas is being bubbled through water. Identify the pairs of acids and bases in the reaction.

$\underset{}{{\mathrm{NH}}_3\left(\mathrm{g}\right)}+\underset{}{{\mathrm{H}}_2\mathrm{O}\left(\mathrm{l}\right)}\to \underset{}{{\mathrm{NH}}_4^{+}\left(\mathrm{aq}\right)}+\underset{}{{\mathrm{OH}}^{-}\left(\mathrm{aq}\right)}$

Suggest what is happening to the water molecule in the following two reactions.

$\mathrm{HCl}\left(\mathrm{g}\right)+{\mathrm{H}}_2\mathrm{O}\left(\mathrm{l}\right)\to {\mathrm{Cl}}^{-}\left(\mathrm{aq}\right)+{\mathrm{H}}_3{\mathrm{O}}^{+}\left(\mathrm{aq}\right)$

${\mathrm{NH}}_3\left(\mathrm{g}\right)+{\mathrm{H}}_2\mathrm{O}\left(\mathrm{l}\right)\to {\mathrm{NH}}_4^{+}\left(\mathrm{aq}\right)+{\mathrm{OH}}^{-}\left(\mathrm{aq}\right)$

Predict the result of the interactions between ions, if you mixed equal volumes and concentrations of acid and base. Complete (and balance) the equation to find out.

$\mathrm{HCl}\left(\mathrm{aq}\right)+\mathrm{NaOH}\left(\mathrm{aq}\right)\to \mathrm{\_\_\_\_\_} + \mathrm{\_\_\_\_\_}$