What is the cross between the progeny of F 1 and the homozygous recessive parent called? How is it useful?

The cross between the progeny of F 1 and the homozygous recessive parent called a test cross. A test cross is performed between the homozygous recessive and an organism with the dominant phenotype and an unknown genotype. In pea plant, the tall allele is dominant over the short allele. Let's say there is a tall pea plant. To check whether the tall allele is homozygous or heterozygous, we perform a cross between the tall plant and the short plant. If the tall plant is homozygous, then all the plants of F 1 generation will be tall. If the tall plant is heterozygous for the tall allele, then 50% of the plant will be tall, and 50% will be short.

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NCERT Exemplar Biology - Class 12>Chapter 5 - Principle of Inheritance and Variation>MULTIPLE-CHOICE QUESTIONS>Q 17

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In the $F_{2}$ generation of a Mendelian dihybrid cross, the number of phenotypes and genotypes are

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Important Questions on Principle of Inheritance and Variation

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NCERT Exemplar Biology - Class 12>Chapter 5 - Principle of Inheritance and Variation>MULTIPLE-CHOICE QUESTIONS>Q 18

Mother and father of a person with ‘O’ blood group have ‘A’ and ‘B’ blood group, respectively. What would be the genotype of both mother and father?

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NCERT Exemplar Biology - Class 12>Chapter 5 - Principle of Inheritance and Variation>VERY SHORT ANSWER TYPE QUESTIONS>Q 1

What is the cross between the progeny of F₁ and the homozygous recessive parent called? How is it useful?

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NCERT Exemplar Biology - Class 12>Chapter 5 - Principle of Inheritance and Variation>VERY SHORT ANSWER TYPE QUESTIONS>Q 2

Do you think Mendel's laws of inheritance would have been different if the characters that he choose were located on the same chromosome?

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NCERT Exemplar Biology - Class 12>Chapter 5 - Principle of Inheritance and Variation>VERY SHORT ANSWER TYPE QUESTIONS>Q 3

Enlist the steps of controlled cross-pollination. Would emasculation be needed in a cucurbit plant? Give reasons for your answer.

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NCERT Exemplar Biology - Class 12>Chapter 5 - Principle of Inheritance and Variation>VERY SHORT ANSWER TYPE QUESTIONS>Q 4

A person has to perform crosses for the purpose of studying inheritance of a few trait/characters. What should be the criteria for selecting the organisms?

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NCERT Exemplar Biology - Class 12>Chapter 5 - Principle of Inheritance and Variation>VERY SHORT ANSWER TYPE QUESTIONS>Q 5

The pedigree chart given below shows a particular trait which is absent in parents but present in the next generation irrespective of sexes. Draw your conclusion on the basis of the pedigree.

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NCERT Exemplar Biology - Class 12>Chapter 5 - Principle of Inheritance and Variation>VERY SHORT ANSWER TYPE QUESTIONS>Q 6

In order to obtain the F₁ generation, Mendel pollinated a pure-breeding tall plant with a pure breeding dwarf plant. But for getting the F₂ generation, he simply self-pollinated the tall F₁ plants. Why?

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NCERT Exemplar Biology - Class 12>Chapter 5 - Principle of Inheritance and Variation>VERY SHORT ANSWER TYPE QUESTIONS>Q 7

"Genes contain the information that is required to express a particular trait." Explain.