HARD
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In the given pedigree, circles represent females and squares represent males. Filled shapes indicate affected individuals; while, unfilled shapes indicate unaffected individuals for a particular disease controlled by gene P.

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i. X-linked dominant
ii. Autosomal dominant
iii. Autosomal recessive
iv. The genotype of I-2 is Pp or PP
v. The genotypes of II-2 and III-5 are same for the trait
vi. The genotype of II-7 is Pp or PP
Analyse the inheritance pattern along with the genotype (P is dominant allele andp is recessive allele) and choose the correct options(s).

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Important Questions on Principles of Inheritance and Variation

EASY
Which one of the following symbols represents mating between relatives in human pedigree analysis?
HARD
In the following human pedigree, the filled symbols represents the affected individuals. Identify the type of given pedigree.


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MEDIUM

From the following, find out the symbol used in the human pedigree analysis representing males.

EASY
A tall true breeding garden pea plant is crossed with a dwarf true breeding garden pea plant. When the F1 plants were selfed the resulting genotypes were in the ratio
MEDIUM

The following two pedigrees describe the autosomal genetic disorders P and Q in Family 1 and Family 2, respectively.

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Choose the CORRECT statement from the following options.

HARD

Proteins P1 and P2  bind to each other to form a complex. This complex has a high binding affinity to a specific element on the promoter sequence of a gene X, thus transcribing it. The product of gene Xis responsible for the accumulation of red pigment in some plants. Under drought stress, another protein P3 binds to P2 and prevents its binding to P1 and the plants appear pale. The following table depicts a representation of phenotypes of wild-type and mutant  plants.

Condition/ Plant

Wild-type

Mutant-1

Mutant-2

Mutant-3

Water sufficiency

Red

Pale

Red

Pale

Drought

Pale

Pale

Red

Pale

Choose the correct statement(s).

EASY
How many pairs of contrasting characters in pea plants were studied by Mendel in his experiments?
HARD

The following question has four choices. Choose the best option.

In the given pedigree chart, the trait shown is :

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MEDIUM
Match the terms in Column-I with their description in Column-II and choose the correct option:
 
Column – I Column – II
(a) Dominance (i) Many genes govern a single character
(b) Codominance (ii) In a heterozygous organism, only one allele expresses itself
(c) Pleiotropy (iii) In a heterozygous organism, both alleles express themselves fully
(d) Polygenic inheritance (iv) A single gene influences many characters
EASY
Assertion (A): Pedigree analysis helps to work out the possible genotypes from the knowledge of the respective phenotypes.
Reason (R): Pedigree is a chart showing record of inheritance of certain traits over two or more ancestral generations of a person.
MEDIUM
Assertion (A): In human beings, the sex of the offspring depends on the type of sperm that fertilizes the ovum
Reason (R): Human males are heterogametic
The correct option among the following is
EASY
In his classic experiments on pea plants, Mendel did not use:
EASY
According to Mendel, ........................ segregate and ..................... assort independently.
MEDIUM

The diagram below represents the pedigree of a certain genetic disease (affected individuals are shaded). What is the mode of inheritance of the gene responsible for this disease?

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EASY
In the following symbols, used in human pedigree analysis, identify the symbol that denotes consanguineous mating.