Inorganic element that changes food into usable form of energy is

Which of the following effects has been produced by excess use of pesticides?

$\left(\mathrm{i}\right)$ Contamination of soil and groundwater. 

$\left(\mathrm{ii}\right)$ Reduction in the productivity of crops.

$\left(\mathrm{iii}\right)$ Development of pesticide resistance among the pests.

$\left(\mathrm{iv}\right)$ Causing bioaccumulation.