Match the Indian scientist 'name with the contribution/discovery: Scientist Discovery / contribution (i) J.C. Bose (a) Thermal ionization (ii) C.V. Raman (b) Cosmic radiation and nuclear weapons (iii) M.N.Saha (c) Quantum statistics (iv) S.N. Bose (d) Ultrasonic radio waves (v) H.J.Bhabha (e) Structure and evolution of stars (vi) S. Chandrashekhar (f) Inelastic scattering of light by molecules.

The Indian scientist J.C.Bose worked in the field of radio and microwave optics. The Raman effect is termed after the name of C.V.Raman. When the light passes through a material, it is scattered. The wavelength of the scattered light is changed because the molecule of the material goes to a higher energy state as the light falls on it. Later on the molecule come back to the lower level as it emits energy. M.N.Saha developed an ionization equation which is used to describe chemical and physical conditions in stars. S.N.Bose worked on quantum mechanics and developed Bose-Einstein statistics. H.J.Bhabha worked in the field of nuclear physics. S.Chandrashekhar was an astrophysicist who proved that there was an upper limit to the mass of a white dwarf. This limit is termed as Chandrashekhar limit. Scientist Discovery / contribution (i) J.C. Bose (d)Ultrasonic radio waves (ii) C.V. Raman (f)Inelastic scattering of light by molecules (iii) M.N.Saha (a)Thermal ionisation (iv) S.N. Bose (c)Quantum statistics (v) H.J.Bhabha (b)Cosmic radiations and nuclear weapons (vi) S.Chandrashekhar (e)Structure and evolution of stars The above table shows the correct match.

Physics is the study of nature and its laws. We can say that laws of nature are revealed from the observed events is physics. For example, the orbiting of the moon around the earth, falling of an apple from a tree and tides in a sea on a full moon night can all be explained if we know Newton's law of gravitation and Newton's laws of motion. Post-Newtonian concepts in physics come under Modern physics. Main branches of physics are classical, relativistic and quantum. Physics is concerned with the basic rules which are applicable to all domains of life. Therefore, understanding physics leads to applications in a wide range of fields including engineering sciences and medical sciences.

Match the scientist with contribution/ discovery Scientist Contribution/ discovery (i) Faraday (a) Law of gravitation (ii) Rutherford (b) Quantum model of hydrogen (iii) Chadwick (c) Unification of light and electromagnetism (iv) Bohr (d) Theory of relativity, explanation of photoelectric effect (v) Newton (e) x-rays (vi) Maxwell (f) Unification of weak and electromagnetic interaction (vii) Salaam (g) Law of electromagnetic induction (viii) Einstein (h) Expansion of universe (ix) Roentgen (i) Neutron (x) Madam Curie (j) Nuclear model of atom (xi) J.J. Thomson (k) Wave nature of light (xii) de Broglie (l) Transistor (xiii) John Bardeen (m) Electron (xiv) Hubble (n) Discovery of radium

The change in flux of magnetic field induces emf between the ends of the linked coil. The related laws are given by Faraday. Rutherford given the atomic model which shows that most of the part of the atom is empty and almost all the mass is concentrated in the nucleus of the atom. Later on, Bohr suggested that the electrons can revolve only in certain orbits and angular momentum of an electron is always quantized in an atom. In order to discover neutrons, Chadwick bombarded the Boron sheet with alpha particles to get the rays which were neutral. Newton explained the universal law of gravitation with the basis of Kepler's laws. Maxwell's four equations are the summarized way of explaining electromagnetism. Dr. Abdus Salam was a scientist who got the Nobel Prize for his groundwork for Higgs Boson (God particle). Einstein explained the photoelectric effect using quantum theory and his famous equation E = m c 2 is a consequence of his famous theory of relativity. Roentgen discovered high energy electromagnetic radiations X-rays. Madam curie got the Nobel Prize n the field of radioactivity for the discovery of radium. Study of cathode rays led to the discovery of electrons by J.J.Thomson. De Broglie hypothesis is about the wave associated with a moving mass. John Bardeen got the Nobel Prize twice, first for the invention of the transistor and then in the field of superconductivity. Edwin Hubble was an American astronomer. The name of NASA's Hubble telescope name is his honour. With the above knowledge, the table for the correct match is given below: Scientist Contribution/ discovery (i) Faraday (g) Law of electromagnetic induction (ii) Rutherford (j) Nuclear model of an atom (iii) Chadwick (i) Neutron (iv) Bohr (b) Quantum model of hydrogen (v) Newton (a) Law of gravitation (vi) Maxwell (c) Unification of light and electromagnetism (vii) Salaam (f) Unification of weak and electromagnetic interaction (viii) Einstein (d) Theory of relativity, explanation of photoelectric effect (ix) Roentgen (e) x-rays (x) Madam Curie (n) Discovery of radium (xi) J.J. Thomson (m) electron (xii) de Broglie (k) Wave nature of light (xiii) John Bardeen (l) Transistor (xiv) Hubble (h) Expansion of universe

Science is a systematically organized knowledge of the natural and social world which is gained through experimental observations (Measurement and data) and logic. It is the study of the nature and behaviour of natural things. It can be classified into two parts: (i) The science which deals with non-living things is called physical science. (ii) The science which deals with living things is called biological science. Note: (i) This classification does not separate various branches with each other. In fact, these branches merge to study nature and its laws. (ii) Physics is a branch of science which deals with the study of nature and natural phenomenon. The study includes study of winds, clouds, sun, nucleus and phenomenon like occurrence of day and night, orbiting of planets, formation of rainbow, etc.

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Is density a macroscopic quantity?

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Methane is greenhouse gas because-

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A total solar eclipse is observed from the earth. At the same time an observer on the moon views the earth. She is most likely to see ( $E$ denotes the earth)

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Physics>Mechanics>Physical World>Understanding Physics

Match the Indian scientist 'name with the contribution/discovery:

Scientist	Discovery / contribution
(i) J.C. Bose	(a) Thermal ionization
(ii) C.V. Raman	(b) Cosmic radiation and nuclear weapons
(iii) M.N.Saha	(c) Quantum statistics
(iv) S.N. Bose	(d) Ultrasonic radio waves
(v) H.J.Bhabha	(e) Structure and evolution of stars
(vi) S. Chandrashekhar	(f) Inelastic scattering of light by molecules.

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Some of the most profound statements on the nature of science have come from Albert Einstein, one of the greatest scientists of all time. What do you think did Einstein mean when he said: “The most incomprehensible thing about the world is that it is comprehensible”.

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What do you understand by the term scientific method?

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Physics is the study of

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What is physics?

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Physics>Mechanics>Physical World>Understanding Physics

Match the scientist with contribution/ discovery

Scientist	Contribution/ discovery
(i) Faraday	(a) Law of gravitation
(ii) Rutherford	(b) Quantum model of hydrogen
(iii) Chadwick	(c) Unification of light and electromagnetism
(iv) Bohr	(d) Theory of relativity, explanation of photoelectric effect
(v) Newton	(e) x-rays
(vi) Maxwell	(f) Unification of weak and electromagnetic interaction
(vii) Salaam	(g) Law of electromagnetic induction
(viii) Einstein	(h) Expansion of universe
(ix) Roentgen	(i) Neutron
(x) Madam Curie	(j) Nuclear model of atom
(xi) J.J. Thomson	(k) Wave nature of light
(xii) de Broglie	(l) Transistor
(xiii) John Bardeen	(m) Electron
(xiv) Hubble	(n) Discovery of radium

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The galaxy in which we live is:

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What are the two main tools of physics?

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Which one of the following statements is true about the ‘laws’ and ‘theories’ in science?

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What is scientific method? Write down its different steps.

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What do you understand by the term scientific method ?

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Size of the universe is in the order of

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The shells of crabs found around a particular coastal location in Japan seem mostly to resemble the legendary face of a Samurai. Given below are two explanations of this observed fact. Which of these strikes you as a scientific explanation?

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The systematic knowledge collected through observation of nature is called _____.

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What is science?

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Cotyledons are also called-

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“It is more important to have beauty in the equations of physics than to have them agree with experiments”. The great British physicist P.A.M. Dirac held this view. Criticize this statement. Look out for some which strike you as beautiful.

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A prediction made by a scientist based on his observations is known as

Is density a macroscopic quantity?

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