Is the carbon carrying halogen in alkyl halide, an electrophilic or a nucleophilic centre?

Draw structures of enantiomers of lactic acid using Fischer projection formulae.

Draw the Fischer projection formulae of two products obtained when compound ($\mathrm{A}$) reacts with ${\mathrm{OH}}^{-}$ by ${\mathrm{S}}_{\mathrm{N}}1$ mechanism.

Draw the Fischer projection formulae of two product formed when compound ($\mathrm{B}$) reacts with ${\mathrm{OH}}^{-}$ by ${\mathrm{S}}_{\mathrm{N}}2$ mechanism.