A neutron in the nucleus decays emitting an electron.

A proton in the nucleus decays emitting an electron.

An electron which is already present within the nucleus is ejected.

Write the complete expressions of conversions of 1 P 15 32 to S due to β - decay and 2 Na 11 22 to Ne due β + decay.

In beta decay, a nucleus spontaneously emits an electron or a positron. In β + decay, a positron is emitted and, a neutrino is generated. In β - decay, an electron is emitted and, an antineutrino is generated. 1 P 15 32 → β - 1 + S 16 32 + ν - 2 N 11 22 a → N 10 22 e + β + + ν

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Just after a $K$ shell capture, which of the following come out from the atom?

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Important Questions on Atoms and Nuclei

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Physics>Modern Physics>Atoms and Nuclei>α, β and γ Radiations

During a

β

- decay

HARD

Physics>Modern Physics>Atoms and Nuclei>α, β and γ Radiations

Let

N_{β}

be the number of

β

particle emitted by

1 gram

{Na}^{24}

radioactive nuclei having a half life of

15 h

. In

7.5 h

, the number

N_{β}

is close to

[N_{A} = 6 .023 \times 10^{23} {mole}^{- 1}]

EASY

Physics>Modern Physics>Atoms and Nuclei>α, β and γ Radiations

The end product of decay of

_{90} {Th}^{232}

_{82} {Pb}^{208}

. The number of

α

and

β

particles emitted are respectively

EASY

Physics>Modern Physics>Atoms and Nuclei>α, β and γ Radiations

The atomic number and the mass number of an atom remains unchanged when it emits

EASY

Physics>Modern Physics>Atoms and Nuclei>α, β and γ Radiations

A nucleus

Z^{X^{A}}

emits one a-particle and one

β -

particle respectively. What will be the new nucleus after the emission ?

HARD

Physics>Modern Physics>Atoms and Nuclei>α, β and γ Radiations

Originally the radioactive beta decay was thought as a decay of a nucleus with the emission of electrons only (Case I) . However, in addition to the electron, another (nearly) massless and electrically neutral particle is also emitted (Case II). Based on the figure below, which of the following is correct?

Question Image

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Physics>Modern Physics>Atoms and Nuclei>α, β and γ Radiations

α

-particle consists of

MEDIUM

Physics>Modern Physics>Atoms and Nuclei>α, β and γ Radiations

{}_{92}{U^{238}}

changes to

{}_{85}{At}^{210}

by a series of

α

- and

β

-decays, the number of

α

- and

β

-decays undergone, respectively, is

MEDIUM

Physics>Modern Physics>Atoms and Nuclei>α, β and γ Radiations

In a radioactive decay chain, the initial nucleus is

_{90}^{232} Th

. At the end, there are

6

α

-particles and

4 β

-particles which are emitted. If the end nucleus is

_{Z}^{A} X, A

and

Z

are given by:

HARD

Physics>Modern Physics>Atoms and Nuclei>α, β and γ Radiations

In a radioactive decay chain,

_{90}^{232} Th

nucleus decays to

_{82}^{212} Pb

nucleus. Let

N_{α} and N_{β}

be the number of

α and β^{-}

particles, respectively, emitted in this decay process. Which of the following statements is (are) true?

EASY

Physics>Modern Physics>Atoms and Nuclei>α, β and γ Radiations

The particles not emitted by radioactive substance are

MEDIUM

Physics>Modern Physics>Atoms and Nuclei>α, β and γ Radiations

Write the complete expressions of conversions of $(1) {}_{15}^{32}P$ to $S$ due to $β^{-}$ decay and $(2) {}_{11}^{22}{Na}$ to $Ne$ due $β^{+}$ decay.