Majority of kidney stones consist crystals of ______
Important Questions on Excretory Products and Their Elimination
Study the following table.
| Part of Nephron | Location | Function | |
| A | Malpighian body | Cortex | Filtering blood |
| B | Proximal convoluted tubule | Cortex | Absorption of useful substances |
| C | Distal convoluted tubule | Medulla | Absorption of urea |
| D | Collecting duct | Only Cortex | Collection of urine |
Identify the correct combinations among the above.
| Column – I | Column – II | ||
| a. | Glycosuria | i. | Accumulation of uric acid in joints |
| b. | Gout | ii. | Mass of crystallized salts within the kidney |
| c. | Renal calculi | iii. | Inflammation in glomeruli |
| d. | Glomerular nephritis | iv. | Presence of glucose in urine |
(i) Close proximity between Henle's loop and vasa recta
(ii) Counter current mechanism
(iii) Selective secretion of and hydrogen ions in
(iv) Higher blood pressure in glomerular capillaries
Assertion (A): Renal calculi or kidney stones are hard crystalline structures formed in the urinary tract
Reason (R): Renal calculi are formed when the concentration of uric acid and oxalates in urine becomes less
Consider the following three statements with blanks. Which of the options correctly fills all the blanks in these statements?
a) The ascending limb of loop of Henle's is impermeable to __(1)__ but allows transport of __(2)__
b) __(3)__ and __(4)__ play a significant role in producing a concentrated urine.
c) A fall in the glomerular blood flow/glomerular blood pressure / GFR gets active at the JG cells to release __(5)__
Study the following table
| S.No | Part of nephron | Lined by | Substances reabsorbed |
| I) | Proximal convoluted tubule | Simple squamous epithelium | Glucose, amino acids, water |
| II) | Descending limb of loop of Henle | Squamous epithelium (thin layer) | Water |
| III) | Ascending limb of loop of Henle | Squamous epithelium (lower thin and upper thick) | Water, electrolytes |
| IV) | Distal convoluted tubule | Cuboidal epithelium | Water, |
Among the above, Wrong combination are
Match the following columns and select the correct option.
| Column-I | Column-II | ||
| (a) | Pituitary gland | (i) | Grave’s disease |
| (b) | Thyroid gland | (ii) | Diabetes mellitus |
| (c) | Adrenal gland | (iii) | Diabetes insipidus |
| (d) | Pancreas | (iv) | Addison’s disease |
Match the following related to disorders of excretory system ?
| List I | List II | ||
| (i) | Renal Calculi | (a) | Uric acid and oxalates |
| (ii) | Glomerulonephritis | (b) | Hemodialysis |
| (iii) | Uremia | (c) | Creatinine |
| (iv) | Renal failure | (d) | Diabetes insipidus |
| (e) | Inflammation |
Nitrogenous waste build-up in the body
Non-elimination of excess potassium ions
Reduced absorption of calcium ions from gastro-intestinal tract
Reduced RBC production
Which of the following option is the most appropriate?
