The hybridization process of a tall round seeded plant with a dwarf wrinkled seeded plant is illustrated below What may be the characters that will appear in the plants produced as a result of the self pollination of the first generation?

Mendel chose only seven contrasting characters for his experiments. In each contrasting character, one trait was dominant, and the other trait was recessive. In the given illustration the hybridization process of a tall round seeded plant with a dwarf wrinkled seeded plant is depicted. In the given diagram (i) will be TR and (ii) will tr. The T and R represent the dominant trait while t and r represent the recessive trait. These traits determine the phenotype of the organisms. The F2 generation will be TtRr x TtRr The result of the self-pollination of the first generation can be depicted below: Gametes TtRr → TtRr TR Tr tR tr TR TTRR (tall plant, round seed) TTRr (tall plant, round seed) TtRR (tall plant, round seed) TtRr (tall plant, round seed) Tr TTRr (tall plant, round seed) TTrr (tall plant, wrinkled seed) TtRr (tall plant, round seed) Ttrr (tall plant, wrinkled seed) tR TtRR (tall plant, round seed) TtRr (tall plant, round seed) ttRR (dwarf plant, round seed) ttRr (dwarf plant, round seed) tr TtRr (tall plant, round seed) Ttrr (tall plant, wrinkled seed) ttRr (dwarf plant, round seed) ttrr (dwarf plant, wrinkled seed) The result will be: Tall plants with round seeds (TTRR, TTRr, TtRR, TtRr) . Tall plants with wrinkled seeds (TTrr, Ttrr). Dwarf plants with round seeds (ttRR, ttRr). Dwarf plants with wrinkled seeds (ttrr)

Mendel selected a pea plant for his experiments Mention the reasons for the selection of these plants

MEDIUM

Life Sciences>Heredity: Inheritance and Variation of Traits>Apply concepts of statistics and probability to explain the variation and distribution of expressed traits in a population.>Variation of Traits - Environmental factors also affect expression of traits, and hence affect the probability of occurrences of traits in a population. Thus the variation and distribution of traits observed depends on both genetic and environmental factors.

Given below are two statements:
Statement I: Mendel studied seven pairs of contrasting traits in pea plants and proposed the Laws of Inheritance.
Statement II: Seven characters examined by Mendel in his experiment on pea plants were seed shape and colour, flower colour, pod shape and colour, flower position and stem height.
In light of the above statements, choose the correct answer from the options given below:

MEDIUM

Life Sciences>Heredity: Inheritance and Variation of Traits>Apply concepts of statistics and probability to explain the variation and distribution of expressed traits in a population.>Variation of Traits - Environmental factors also affect expression of traits, and hence affect the probability of occurrences of traits in a population. Thus the variation and distribution of traits observed depends on both genetic and environmental factors.

The hybridization process of a tall round seeded plant with a dwarf wrinkled seeded plant is illustrated below

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What may be the characters that will appear in the plants produced as a result of the self pollination of the first generation?

MEDIUM

Life Sciences>Heredity: Inheritance and Variation of Traits>Apply concepts of statistics and probability to explain the variation and distribution of expressed traits in a population.>Variation of Traits - Environmental factors also affect expression of traits, and hence affect the probability of occurrences of traits in a population. Thus the variation and distribution of traits observed depends on both genetic and environmental factors.

Study by Mendel did not take into consideration which of the following characteristics of garden pea.

MEDIUM

Life Sciences>Heredity: Inheritance and Variation of Traits>Apply concepts of statistics and probability to explain the variation and distribution of expressed traits in a population.>Variation of Traits - Environmental factors also affect expression of traits, and hence affect the probability of occurrences of traits in a population. Thus the variation and distribution of traits observed depends on both genetic and environmental factors.

If the gene pool of the locus X in the human genome is 4, then what would be the highest possible number of genotypes in a large population?

EASY

Life Sciences>Heredity: Inheritance and Variation of Traits>Apply concepts of statistics and probability to explain the variation and distribution of expressed traits in a population.>Variation of Traits - Environmental factors also affect expression of traits, and hence affect the probability of occurrences of traits in a population. Thus the variation and distribution of traits observed depends on both genetic and environmental factors.

Among the following characters, which one was not considered by Mendel in his experiments on pea?

MEDIUM

Life Sciences>Heredity: Inheritance and Variation of Traits>Apply concepts of statistics and probability to explain the variation and distribution of expressed traits in a population.>Variation of Traits - Environmental factors also affect expression of traits, and hence affect the probability of occurrences of traits in a population. Thus the variation and distribution of traits observed depends on both genetic and environmental factors.

The minimum number of plants to be screened to obtain a plant of the genotype

AabbCcDd

from a cross between plants of genotypes

AaBbCcDd

and

AABbCCDd

is:

MEDIUM

Life Sciences>Heredity: Inheritance and Variation of Traits>Apply concepts of statistics and probability to explain the variation and distribution of expressed traits in a population.>Variation of Traits - Environmental factors also affect expression of traits, and hence affect the probability of occurrences of traits in a population. Thus the variation and distribution of traits observed depends on both genetic and environmental factors.

The hybridization process of a tall round seeded plant with a dwarf wrinkled seeded plant is illustrated below

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Identify and fill (i) and (ii).

MEDIUM

Life Sciences>Heredity: Inheritance and Variation of Traits>Apply concepts of statistics and probability to explain the variation and distribution of expressed traits in a population.>Variation of Traits - Environmental factors also affect expression of traits, and hence affect the probability of occurrences of traits in a population. Thus the variation and distribution of traits observed depends on both genetic and environmental factors.

Explain the following term:
Phenotype.

MEDIUM

Life Sciences>Heredity: Inheritance and Variation of Traits>Apply concepts of statistics and probability to explain the variation and distribution of expressed traits in a population.>Variation of Traits - Environmental factors also affect expression of traits, and hence affect the probability of occurrences of traits in a population. Thus the variation and distribution of traits observed depends on both genetic and environmental factors.

Which are the characters expressed in second generation ?

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MEDIUM

Life Sciences>Heredity: Inheritance and Variation of Traits>Apply concepts of statistics and probability to explain the variation and distribution of expressed traits in a population.>Variation of Traits - Environmental factors also affect expression of traits, and hence affect the probability of occurrences of traits in a population. Thus the variation and distribution of traits observed depends on both genetic and environmental factors.

Complete the illustration of the hybridisation experiment conducted by Mendel in Pea plants,

Question Image

EASY

Life Sciences>Heredity: Inheritance and Variation of Traits>Apply concepts of statistics and probability to explain the variation and distribution of expressed traits in a population.>Variation of Traits - Environmental factors also affect expression of traits, and hence affect the probability of occurrences of traits in a population. Thus the variation and distribution of traits observed depends on both genetic and environmental factors.

How many types of gametes can be produced by individual with the genotype AAbb?

EASY

Life Sciences>Heredity: Inheritance and Variation of Traits>Apply concepts of statistics and probability to explain the variation and distribution of expressed traits in a population.>Variation of Traits - Environmental factors also affect expression of traits, and hence affect the probability of occurrences of traits in a population. Thus the variation and distribution of traits observed depends on both genetic and environmental factors.

A pure breeding pea plant with round yellow seeds was crossed with pea plant having wrinkled green seeds. On selfing of

F_{1}

, hybrid of his cross,

64

progenies were obtained in

F_{2}

generation. Find out the number of

F_{2}

progenies showing non-parental characters.

MEDIUM

Life Sciences>Heredity: Inheritance and Variation of Traits>Apply concepts of statistics and probability to explain the variation and distribution of expressed traits in a population.>Variation of Traits - Environmental factors also affect expression of traits, and hence affect the probability of occurrences of traits in a population. Thus the variation and distribution of traits observed depends on both genetic and environmental factors.

Give appropriate biological or technical terms for the following:

The condition in which a pair of chromosomes carry similar alleles of a particular character.

EASY

Life Sciences>Heredity: Inheritance and Variation of Traits>Apply concepts of statistics and probability to explain the variation and distribution of expressed traits in a population.>Variation of Traits - Environmental factors also affect expression of traits, and hence affect the probability of occurrences of traits in a population. Thus the variation and distribution of traits observed depends on both genetic and environmental factors.

Which ONE of the following statements is INCORRECT?

MEDIUM

Life Sciences>Heredity: Inheritance and Variation of Traits>Apply concepts of statistics and probability to explain the variation and distribution of expressed traits in a population.>Variation of Traits - Environmental factors also affect expression of traits, and hence affect the probability of occurrences of traits in a population. Thus the variation and distribution of traits observed depends on both genetic and environmental factors.

Write any two differences between genotype and phenotype.

MEDIUM

Life Sciences>Heredity: Inheritance and Variation of Traits>Apply concepts of statistics and probability to explain the variation and distribution of expressed traits in a population.>Variation of Traits - Environmental factors also affect expression of traits, and hence affect the probability of occurrences of traits in a population. Thus the variation and distribution of traits observed depends on both genetic and environmental factors.

Explain the terms phenotype and genotype.

MEDIUM

Life Sciences>Heredity: Inheritance and Variation of Traits>Apply concepts of statistics and probability to explain the variation and distribution of expressed traits in a population.>Variation of Traits - Environmental factors also affect expression of traits, and hence affect the probability of occurrences of traits in a population. Thus the variation and distribution of traits observed depends on both genetic and environmental factors.

Why are traits acquired during the lifetime of an individual not inherited?

MEDIUM

Life Sciences>Heredity: Inheritance and Variation of Traits>Apply concepts of statistics and probability to explain the variation and distribution of expressed traits in a population.>Variation of Traits - Environmental factors also affect expression of traits, and hence affect the probability of occurrences of traits in a population. Thus the variation and distribution of traits observed depends on both genetic and environmental factors.

Tabulate three pairs of dominant-recessive traits of pea plants as selected by Mendel. State the first law of Mendel as deducted from the experiment of a monohybrid cross.

HARD

Life Sciences>Heredity: Inheritance and Variation of Traits>Apply concepts of statistics and probability to explain the variation and distribution of expressed traits in a population.>Variation of Traits - Environmental factors also affect expression of traits, and hence affect the probability of occurrences of traits in a population. Thus the variation and distribution of traits observed depends on both genetic and environmental factors.

Who is the father of Genetics? Write three laws of heredity.

HARD

Life Sciences>Heredity: Inheritance and Variation of Traits>Apply concepts of statistics and probability to explain the variation and distribution of expressed traits in a population.>Variation of Traits - Environmental factors also affect expression of traits, and hence affect the probability of occurrences of traits in a population. Thus the variation and distribution of traits observed depends on both genetic and environmental factors.

Who is known as the father of Genetics?

Mendel selected a pea plant for his experiments. Mention the reasons for the selection of these plants.

Important Questions on Apply concepts of statistics and probability to explain the variation and distribution of expressed traits in a population.

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