Match the items of column I with items of column II. Column I Column II (i) Methanol (a) Conversion of phenol to o - hydroxysalicylic acid (ii) Kolbe’s reaction (b) Ethyl alcohol (iii) Williamson’s synthesis (c) Conversion of phenol to salicylaldehyde (iv) Conversion of 2 ° alcohol to ketone (d) Wood spirit (v) Reimer-Tiemann reaction (e) Heated copper at 573 K (vi) Fermentation (f) Reaction of alkyl halide with sodium alkoxide

(i) Methanol, CH 3 OH , also known as ‘wood spirit’, was produced by destructive distillation of wood. Today, most of the methanol is produced by catalytic hydrogenation of carbon monoxide at high pressure and temperature and in the presence of ZnO – Cr 2 O 3 catalyst. (ii) Kolbe’s reaction: Phenoxide ion generated by treating phenol with sodium hydroxide is even more reactive than phenol towards electrophilic aromatic substitution. Hence, it undergoes electrophilic substitution with carbon dioxide, a weak electrophile. Ortho-hydroxybenzoic acid is formed as the main reaction product. In Kolbe’s reaction, 2 - hydroxybenzoic acid (salicylic acid) is prepared by the reaction of phenol with CO 2 gas. (iii) Williamson synthesis: It is an important laboratory method for the preparation of symmetrical and unsymmetrical ethers. In this method, an alkyl halide is allowed to react with sodium alkoxide. R – X + R ' – ONa → R – O – R ' + Na X (iv) When the vapours of a secondary alcohol are passed over heated copper at 573 K , dehydrogenation takes place and a ketone is formed. (v) On treating phenol with chloroform in the presence of sodium hydroxide, a – CHO group is introduced at ortho position of benzene ring. This reaction is known as Reimer-Tiemann reaction. The intermediate substituted benzal chloride is hydrolysed in the presence of alkali to produce salicylaldehyde. (vi) Ethanol, C 2 H 5 OH , is obtained commercially by fermentation, the oldest method is from sugars. The sugar in molasses, sugarcane or fruits such as grapes is converted to glucose and fructose, (both of which have the formula C 6 H 12 O 6 ), in the presence of an enzyme, invertase. Glucose and fructose undergo fermentation in the presence of another enzyme, zymase, which is found in yeast. (i) —(d), (ii) — (a), (iii) — (f), (iv) — (e); (v) — (c), (vi) — (b)

Match the items of column I with items of column II. Column I Column II (i) Antifreeze used in car engine (a) Neutral ferric chloride (ii) Solvent used in perfumes (b) Glycerol (iii) Starting material for picric acid (c) Methanol (iv) Wood spirit (d) Phenol (v) Reagent used for detection of phenolic group (e) Ethylene glycol (vi) By product of soap industry used in cosmetics (f) Ethanol

(i) Ethylene glycol is a chemical commonly used in many commercial and industrial applications including antifreeze and coolant. Ethylene glycol helps keep your car's engine from freezing in the winter and acts as a coolant to reduce overheating in the summer. (ii) By far the most common solvent for perfume-oil dilution is alcohol, typically a mixture of ethanol and water or a rectified spirit. Perfume oil can also be diluted by means of neutral-smelling oils such as fractionated coconut oil, or liquid waxes such as jojoba oil. (iii) Picric acid can be prepared by the direct nitration of phenol in concentrated nitric acid. Phenol is used as starting material in the manufacture of nylon, plastics, aspirin, picric acid, and salicylic acid, etc. (iv) Methanol is known as wood spirit as it was obtained by destructive distillation of wood. (v) Neutral ferric chloride gives violet colour when treated with phenol. This reaction can be used as a test for phenol groups. (vi) Glycerin is a natural by-product of the saponification process. When oil reacts with alkaline, it forms soap and glycerol. (i)—(e), (ii)—(f), (iii)—(d), (iv)—(c), (v)—(a), (vi)—(b)

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Menthol is used medicinally in ointments, cough drops, and nasal inhalers which is either manmade or made from the extracts of .

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Important Questions on Alcohols, Phenols and Ethers

EASY

Chemistry>Organic Chemistry>Alcohols, Phenols and Ethers>Commercially Important Alcohols

While making paneer (cottage cheese) from milk by adding dilute acetic acid, the milk proteins undergo

EASY

Chemistry>Organic Chemistry>Alcohols, Phenols and Ethers>Commercially Important Alcohols

What is absolute alcohol?

HARD

Chemistry>Organic Chemistry>Alcohols, Phenols and Ethers>Commercially Important Alcohols

The catalyst used in the synthesis of 'wood spirit' from carbon monoxide and liydrogen is

EASY

Chemistry>Organic Chemistry>Alcohols, Phenols and Ethers>Commercially Important Alcohols

Which is used as an antifreeze

HARD

Chemistry>Organic Chemistry>Alcohols, Phenols and Ethers>Commercially Important Alcohols

Which of the following is not a use of methanol?

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Chemistry>Organic Chemistry>Alcohols, Phenols and Ethers>Commercially Important Alcohols

The IUPAC name of simplest alcohol is

MEDIUM

Chemistry>Organic Chemistry>Alcohols, Phenols and Ethers>Commercially Important Alcohols

Commercially methanol is prepared by

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Chemistry>Organic Chemistry>Alcohols, Phenols and Ethers>Commercially Important Alcohols

The water gas

(C O + H_{2})

673 K

and

300

atmosphere in presence of the catalyst

C r_{2} O_{3} / Z n O

is used for the manufacture of

MEDIUM

Chemistry>Organic Chemistry>Alcohols, Phenols and Ethers>Commercially Important Alcohols

Represent the union of two sets by Venn diagram for each of the following.

$X = {x | x$ is a prime number between $80$ and $100}$

$Y = {y | y$ is an odd number between $90$ and $100}$

MEDIUM

Chemistry>Organic Chemistry>Alcohols, Phenols and Ethers>Commercially Important Alcohols

Match the items of column I with items of column II.

Column I	Column II
(i) Methanol	(a) Conversion of phenol to $o -$ hydroxysalicylic acid
(ii) Kolbe’s reaction	(b) Ethyl alcohol
(iii) Williamson’s synthesis	(c) Conversion of phenol to salicylaldehyde
(iv) Conversion of $2 °$ alcohol to ketone	(d) Wood spirit
(v) Reimer-Tiemann reaction	(e) Heated copper at $573 K$
(vi) Fermentation	(f) Reaction of alkyl halide with sodium alkoxide

MEDIUM

Chemistry>Organic Chemistry>Alcohols, Phenols and Ethers>Commercially Important Alcohols

Match the items of column I with items of column II.

Column I	Column II
(i) Antifreeze used in car engine	(a) Neutral ferric chloride
(ii) Solvent used in perfumes	(b) Glycerol
(iii) Starting material for picric acid	(c) Methanol
(iv) Wood spirit	(d) Phenol
(v) Reagent used for detection of phenolic group	(e) Ethylene glycol
(vi) By product of soap industry used in cosmetics	(f) Ethanol

HARD

Chemistry>Organic Chemistry>Alcohols, Phenols and Ethers>Commercially Important Alcohols

Methanol is used to denature _____

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Chemistry>Organic Chemistry>Alcohols, Phenols and Ethers>Commercially Important Alcohols

Reaction,

⏟_{Water gas}^{{CO + H}_{2}} {+ H}_{2} \to_{{Cr}_{2} O_{3} - ZnO}^{673 K, 300 atm.}

?
may be used for manufacture of

HARD

Chemistry>Organic Chemistry>Alcohols, Phenols and Ethers>Commercially Important Alcohols

What are the uses of methanol?

MEDIUM

Chemistry>Organic Chemistry>Alcohols, Phenols and Ethers>Commercially Important Alcohols

Reaction,

⏟_{Water gas}^{{CO + H}_{2}} {+ H}_{2} \to_{{Cr}_{2} O_{3} - ZnO}^{673 K, 300 atm.}

?
may be used for manufacture of

HARD

Chemistry>Organic Chemistry>Alcohols, Phenols and Ethers>Commercially Important Alcohols

When a mixture of gases X and Y is compressed to 300 atm pressure and then passed over a catalyst consisting of a mixture of zinc oxide and chromium oxide (heated to a temperature of

300 ° C

), then an organic compound Z having the molecular formula CH₄O is formed. X is a highly poisonous gas which is formed in appreciable amounts when a fuel burns in a limited supply of air; Y is a gas which can be made by the action of a dilute acid on an active metal; and Z is a liquid organic compound which can react with sodium metal to produce hydrogen gas.
(a) What are X, Y and Z?
(b) Write a balanced chemical equation of the reaction which takes place when X and Y combine to form Z. Indicate the conditions under which the reaction occurs.

HARD

Chemistry>Organic Chemistry>Alcohols, Phenols and Ethers>Commercially Important Alcohols

How do you condemn the use of alcohol as a social practice.

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Chemistry>Organic Chemistry>Alcohols, Phenols and Ethers>Commercially Important Alcohols

Name the following compound: ${CH}_{3} OH$

MEDIUM

Chemistry>Organic Chemistry>Alcohols, Phenols and Ethers>Commercially Important Alcohols

Methyl alcohol is industrially prepared by the action of

EASY

Chemistry>Organic Chemistry>Alcohols, Phenols and Ethers>Commercially Important Alcohols

Acetic acid and