Sorosis is a type of fruit found in jackfruit, pineapple, etc., which are developed from the whole inflorescence with its component parts. It is developed from spike type of inflorescence where the flowers of the inflorescence fused with the rachis to form a compact structure. This type of fruit is called multiple or composite fruit. The rachis, perianth and bracts form the edible part in pineapple. In the case of jackfruit, calyx, corolla and seeds are edible.

The scutellum is a single shield-shaped cotyledon present in the monocot seed. It is a very thin structure that is called a seed leaf. It is located on the lateral side of the embryonal axis. It forms the first leaves of the shoot. The main function of the cotyledon in monocot seed is to act as a passage for the transfer of nutrients from the endosperm to the developing embryo. It is found in grasses, rice, etc.

Seeds are the structures formed as a result of sexual reproduction. These are formed from the ovules after fertilization. Each seed consists of an undeveloped plant called embryo along with stored food as endosperm. It is surrounded by a protective layer called seed coat. In some plant, an additional layer of nutritive tissue is present in the seed which is derived from the diploid tissue of the ovule, called nucellus. It surrounds the embryo. It is the residual, persistent nucellus. It is found in the seeds of black pepper.

The awakening of the dormant embryo within the seed for growth and development is seed germination. During this period, different changes occur within the embryo until it develops into a normal seedling. The embryo of the seed germinates under the favourable condition to form radicle and plumule. The radicle grows downward to form the root system and the plumule which move upward above the soil forms the shoot system. There are two types of germination i) hypogeal and ii) epigeal germination. In hypogeal germination, the cotyledons neither move upwards nor transform into the first leaves of germinating seedlings. In epigeal germination, cotyledons are carried above the soil.

The embryo is the multicellular structure formed by the cell division of the zygote that is the product of fertilization. During fertilization, the male and female gametes are fused to form a diploid structure called the zygote. This undergoes cell division to form an embryo which is present inside the seed. The embryo consists of thick fleshy cotyledons attached to an axis called the tigellum. The upper end of the axis bears some crowded immature leaves, which is called plumule. The lower end is the radicle that gives rise to the root. The embryo germinates to form seedlings.