Show the direction of inductive effect in following compounds: ( 1 ) ( 2 ) ( 3 ) CH 3 - CH = CH 2 ( 4 ) CH 3 - CH 2 - CH 2 - Li ( 5 ) CH 3 - CH 2 - CH 2 - MgBr ( 6 ) CH 3 - CH 2 - OH ( 7 ) ( 8 ) ( 9 ) ( 10 )

- I Effect : The group which withdraws the electron cloud is known as - I group and its effect is called - I effect. Various groups are listed in their decreasing - I strength as follows:- - NR 3 + > - SR 2 + > - NH 3 + > - NO 2 > - SO 3 H > - CN > - CHO > - COOH > - F > - Cl > - Br > - I > - OR > - OH > - NH 2 > - C ≡ CH > - C 6 H 5 > - CH = CH 2 > - H . + I Effect : The group which release the electron cloud is known as + I group & this effect is + I effect. The decreasing order of + I strength is:- - O - > - COO - > - C ( CH 3 ) 3 > - CH ( CH 3 ) 2 > - CH 2 - CH 3 > - CH 3 > - D > - H The direction is always from the carbon atom to the electronegative atom. So, the direction of inductive effect in following compound is :-

Which of the following compounds have delocalised electrons? ( P ) ( Q ) ( R ) ( S ) CH 3 CH 2 NHCH = CHCH 3

Through resonance the e - density in the molecule becomes uniform, due to uniformity of e - density the stability of molecule increases. Hence, the phenomena of a resonance is a stabilising effect. In resonance only parallel p - orbital e - are involved. To explain the property of actual molecule different Lewis structure are drawn with the movement of p - orbital electrons. The delocalisation of molecules are :- So, the compound P, R and S has the delocalisation of electrons.