With respect to group 16 elements, answer the following : Write a chemical equation to show the action of chlorine gas on SO 2 in the presence of charcoal.

Sulphur is hexavalent, but only four valencies of sulphur are satisfied in SO 2 and the remaining two valencies of sulphur remains unsatisfied. This makes SO 2 an unsaturated compound. Sulphur dioxide reacts with chlorine in presence of charcoal to give sulphuryl chloride. SO 2 + Cl 2 → SO 2 Cl 2

With respect to group 16 elements, answer the following : Comment on the trend in electronegativity giving reasons.

Electronegativity decreases gradually from oxygen to polonium down the group. The decrease is related to the increase in size of the atom. The decreasing order of electronegativity of group 16 elements is, O > S > Se > Te > Po The decrease in electronegativity is responsible for the decrease in nonmetallic character down the group. Oxygen is the second most electronegative element in the periodic table.

With respect to group 15 elements, answer the following : Comment on the trend in ionisation enthalpy giving reason.

Ionisation enthalpy decreases with increase of atomic number of group 15 elements because of the increase in atomic size of the elements. The effective nuclear charge on the valence electrons keeps on decreasing as we move down the group. Hence, the decreasing order of ionisation enthalpy of group 15 elements is, N > P > As > Sb > Bi The ionisation energy of nitrogen is very high because of its smaller size in the group.

With respect to group 16 elements, answer the following : Draw the structure of H 2 SO 4 .

Sulphuric acid is an oxoacid of Sulphur. In this, sulphur is covalently bonded to two oxo groups and two hydroxyl groups in a tetrahedral shape. Bond angle is 109 . 5 ∘ . The electronic configuration of sulphur is 1 s 2 2 s 2 2 p 6 3 s 2 3 p 4 . The hybridisation involved in sulphuric acid is sp 3 . Hence, it has tetrahedral geometry. The structure of sulphuric acid is

With respect to group 15 elements, answer the following : Draw the structure of H 3 PO 4 .

H 3 PO 4 is a weak acid containing three atoms of hydrogen, one atom of phosphorus and four atoms of oxygen. Red phosphorus when heated with concentrated nitric acid gives orthophosphoric acid. Orthophosphoric acid is the oxoacid of phosphorus.

With respect to group 16 elements, answer the following : Write any two reasons for the anomalous behaviour of oxygen.

The anomalous behaviour of oxygen is due to its small size, high electronegativity and non-availability of vacant d-orbitals. Effect of small size: Because of small size and high electronegativity O-atom carries partial —ve charge in water molecule which leads to hydrogen bonding. Thus, water is a liquid, whereas hydrogen sulphide is a gas. Absence of d-orbitals: The absence of d-orbitals limits its covalency to four, whereas other elements may show covalency beyond four. Compounds of oxygen are more ionic and reactive than those of other members of the family.

With respect to group 15 elements, answer the following : Write any two reasons for the anomalous behaviour of nitrogen.

Nitrogen shows anomalous behaviour and differs from other elements of group 15 because of the following reasons : The atomic size of nitrogen is smaller than that of other elements of group 15. The electronegativity of nitrogen is high as compared to other members of its group. Nitrogen can form pπ - pπ bonds and has higher tendency to form multiple bonds, and it has a lower tendency of catenation. Nitrogen atom does not have d -orbitals in its valence shell.

Arrange the dioxides of group 16 elements in the decreasing order of their reducing property.

As we go down the group from top to bottom, the atomic size of the elements increases and the electronegative value decreases. Hence, the reducing property must increase. But due to the inert pair effect exhibited by the elements, the reducing property of the group 16 elements decreases down the group. The decreasing order of dioxides of group 16 elements is: SO 2 > SeO 2 > TeO 2 > PoO 2

E M B I B E

EMBIBE CHAPTER WISE PREVIOUS YEAR PAPERS FOR CHEMISTRY>Chapter -1 - The p-Block Elements>Goa Board-2018>Q 9

EASY

12th Goa Board

IMPORTANT

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Name the allotrope of sulphur that is stable at room temperature.

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