Dough is a mixture of flour or meal and a liquid mainly water or milk. It is generally thick sometimes made of different grains, leguminous or chestnut crops.It is generally made by mixing flour with a small amount of water or any liquid. For baking purpose, some leavening agents or yeast or other ingredients such as various fats or flavourings are added in the dough for better texture.

Leavening is the process of adding a substance like yeast or other ingredients such as various fats or flavourings in the dough and kept it for a period of time for better texture. It enables the dough to rise and expand. The process of leavening makes the dough fluffy and soft. The agents that are used in the process of leavening are known as leavening agents. It includes steam, yeast, baking powder, and baking soda. These agents aid in the release of gases within such mixtures that produces baked products with porous structure.