Define the following: Monarchy Republic Varna system Janapadas Mahajanapadas

Monarchy: A system of government where a single individual, usually a king or queen, holds supreme power and authority over a nation or state. Republic: A form of government in which power resides in the people and is exercised through elected representatives. It typically involves a president or a similar head of state chosen by the people. Varna system: An ancient social hierarchy prevalent in Hindu society, dividing people into four main groups based on occupation and hereditary status namely Brahmins, Kshatriyas, Vaishyas, and Shudras. Janapadas: In ancient India, Janapadas referred to territorial divisions or regions that emerged during the Vedic period, typically characterised by a shared language and culture. Mahajanapadas: During the later Vedic period, Mahajanapadas were large and powerful kingdoms that arose in ancient India, encompassing several Janapadas. They played a crucial role in the political and social landscape of the time.