State the differences between rusting and rust.

Rusting is an oxidation reaction. Rusting is the formation of reddish-brown ferric oxides on iron by low-temperature oxidation in the presence of water. It is the process. Rust is an iron oxide. It is the product formed by the reaction of iron and oxygen in the catalytic presence of water or air moisture.

Zinc liberates hydrogen gas when reacted with dilute hydrochloric acid, whereas copper does not. Explain why.

Zinc liberates hydrogen gas when reacted with dilute hydrochloric acid, whereas copper does not because zinc is more reactive than hydrogen and hence, displace it and the reaction takes place. Copper is less reactive when compared to hydrogen and hence cannot displace it. The same reaction does not occur with copper metal because copper is less reactive than hydrogen.

Compound X and aluminium are used to join railway tracks. Identify the compound.

The compound X is an iron. It is used in the joining process of railway tracks and aluminium is iron (III) oxide. In this reaction, more reactive aluminium metal replaces iron from its oxide to produce molten iron used to join the railway tracks.

Explain the froth floatation process with a neat labelled diagram.

The froth floatation method is a method used for the concentration of metal ores. It is used for the concentration of sulphide ores. In this technique, particles of interest are physically separated from a liquid phase as a result of differences in the ability of air bubbles to selectively adhere to the surface of the particles, based upon their hydrophobicity. The principle of froth floatation is that sulphide ores are preferentially wetted by pine oil, whereas the gangue particles are wetted by water.

What is the concentration of ore?

The process of removing the gangue particles and other impurities from the ore is known as the concentration of the ore. The separation of required material from the ore is dependent on the differences in the physical properties of the compound of the metal present and that of the gangue.

Draw a geometric diagram for the formation of MgCl 2 from magnesium and chlorine by transfer of electrons.

The geometric diagram for the formation of MgCl 2 from magnesium and chlorine by the transfer of electrons is as follows: Magnesium reacts with chlorine gas to form magnesium chloride. MgCl 2 is an ionic compound formed by the transfer of electrons from electron-rich to electron-deficient species. The atomic number of magnesium is 12 . Hence, an electronic configuration is 2 , 8 , 2 . It contain 2 valence electrons. It loses two electrons to form magnesium ions i.e. Mg 2 + = 2 , 8 . The atomic number of Chlorine Cl atom is 17 . The electronic configuration is : 2 , 8 , 7 . It contains 7 valence electrons. It gains one electron to form a chloride ion. Cl - = 2 , 8 , 8 .