On the $26th$ of January $1950$ we are going to enter a life of contradictions. In politics we will have equality and in social and economic life we will have inequality. In politics we will be recognising the principle of one man one vote and one vote one value. In our social and economic life, we shall, by reason of our social and economic structure, continue to deny the principle of one man one value. How long shall we continue to live this life of contradictions? How long shall do we continue to deny equality in our social and economic life? If we continue to deny it for long, we will do so only by putting our political democracy in peril.

What key message did the speaker convey in his speech and what was the potential risk he highlighted for the nation's democracy if these contradictions weren't addressed?
 

Here is an opinion about what made India a democracy. How much importance would you give to this factor?

"Democracy in India is a gift of the British rulers. We received training to work with representative legislative institutions under the British rule."

This image captures the spirit of South Africa today. South Africans call themselves a rainbow nation.

Can you guess why?

Here is an opinion about what made India a democratic country. How much importance would you give to this factor?

We were lucky to have leaders who had democratic convictions. The denial of democracy in several other newly independent countries shows the important role of these leaders.

Here is an opinion about what made India a democracy. How much importance would you give to this factor?

Freedom struggle challenged the colonial exploitation and denial of different freedoms to Indians. Free India could not be anything but democratic.

Compare the preambles to the constitutions of the United States of America, India and South Africa.

(c) Which of the three makes a reference to the past?

(d) Which of these does not invoke God?