Name: Carcinogenicity and Toxicity
Uploaded: 2019-07-19
Duration: 7 min 30 s
Description: Some compounds have a worse effect on our bodies. Let us explore the video to know the worst effects of benzene, which is very harmful to our lungs.

Question

Out of benzene, m&ndash;dinitrobenzene and toluene which will undergo nitration most easily and why?

Accepted Answer

Rate of nitration depends on the presence of electron density on the compound to form nitrates. Nitration reactions are examples of electrophilic substitution reactions where an electron-rich species is attacked by a nitronium ion $({NO}_{2}^{+})$ .

$- {CH}_{3}$ is ring activating group and $- {NO}_{2}$ is ring deactivating group.
Now, ${CH}_{3}$ group is electron donating and ${NO}_{2}^{-}$ is electron withdrawing. Therefore, toluene will have the maximum electron density among the three compounds followed by benzene.
On the other hand, m-dinitrobenzene will have the least electron density. Hence, it will undergo nitration with difficulty. Hence, the increasing order of nitration is as follows:

Rate of nitration by electrophilic substitution.

Out of benzene, m–dinitrobenzene and toluene which will undergo nitration most easily and why?

Important Questions on Hydrocarbons

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