Principle Whoever, intending to take dishonestly any movable property out of the possession of any person without that person's consent, moves that property with an intention to take. it is said to commit theft.

Facts Y cuts down a tree on Z's ground, with the intention of dishonestly taking it out of Z's possession without Z's consent. Y could not take away the tree.

Principle Injuria Sine Damnum i.e.,Injury (violation of legal right) without damage.

Facts "X", who was the returning officer at a polling booth in Amethi, wrongly refused to register a duly tendered vote of "Y" in the recent UP elections, even though "Y" was an eligible voter. The candidate in whose favour "Y" wanted to vote, was declared elected. Give the appropriate answer

Principle When one person signifies to another his willingness to do or abstain from doing anything, with a view to obtaining the assent of that person to such an act or abstinence, he is said to have made a proposal.

Fact "Ramanuj telegraphed to Shyam Sunder : "Will you sell me your Rolls Royce Car? Telegram the lowest cash price". Shyam Sunder also replied by telegram: "Lowest price for Car is $₹ 20$ lakh. "Ramanuj immediately sent his consent through telegram stating: "I agree to buy the Car for $₹ 20$ lakh asked by you". Shyam Sunder refused to sell the car.

In the questions given below are two statements labelled as Assertion (A) and Reason (R). In the context of the two statements, which of the following is correct?

Codes

Assertion (A) The essence of joint liability under Section-$149$ of the IPC is that the criminal act must have been done with a view to fulfill the common object of an unlawful assembly.

Reason (R) Any sudden and provocative act done by a member of an unlawful assembly would render the other members of that assembly liable.

Directions: In the question given below are two statements labelled as Assertion (A) and Reason (R). In the context of the two statements, which of the following is correct?

Codes

Assertion (A) X, because of unsound state of mind and not knowing the nature of the act, attacks Y, who in self-defence and in order to ward off the attack, hits him thereby injuring him. Y has not committed an offence.

Reason (R) Y had a right of private defence against X under Section-$98$ of the Indian Penal Code.

In the question given below are two statements labelled as Assertion (A) and Reason (R). In the context of the two statements, which of the following is correct?

Codes

Assertion (A) : X and Y independently entertained the idea to kill Z. Accordingly; each of them separately inflicted wounds on Z who died as a consequence. X and Y are liable for murder under Section-$341$ of the IPC.

Reason (R) : When a criminal act is done by several persons in furtherance of common intention of all, each of such persons is liable as if the whole act was done by him alone.

Principle Nothing is an offence that is done by a child under seven years of age.

Facts A child born on January $01, 2005$, killed another child B on December $30, 2011$.

Principle Whoever attempts to commit an offence punishable by the Indian Penal Code and in such attempt does any act towards the commission of the offence, shall be punished. Stealing is an offence punishable by the Indian Penal Code,

Facts A makes an attempt to steal some jewels by breaking open a box and after so opening the box, finds that there is no jewel in it.

Principle Whoever takes away anything from the land of any person without that person's consent is said to commit theft. A thing so long as it is attached to the earth is not the subject of theft, but it becomes capable of being the subject of theft as soon as it is severed from the Earth.

Facts Y cuts down a tree standing on the land of X with the intention of dishonestly taking the tree out of X's possession without the consent of X. But Y is yet to take away the tree out of X's possession.