Read the passage below and answer the question that follows:

A patriot is a man who loves his country, works for it, and is willing to fight and die for it. Every soldier is bound to do his duty, but the best soldiers do more than this: they risk their lives because they love the country they are fighting for. They love its hills and valleys, its cities and villages, its people and their way of life, and they are willing to defend it to the last against enemies who try to conquer it and destroy it.
Why is it that some nations have disappeared altogether? It has nearly always been because when the great test came, and everything depended upon the most active resistance to the enemy—not enough men and women were found ready to sacrifice themselves so that their country and their fellow countrymen might continue to live.
Why is it that other nations, often small in population and power, when compared with others, remain century after century free and independent despite great wars that have been fought around them and even within their own borders? The answer is that nowhere in such countries have men been found willing to yield to the enemy, for a time they may have seemed to be the mercy of conquering. However, they still have waited, refusing to give in until, at last, the opportunity has come to destroy or drive out the enemy and win back their freedom.

What do you want to do for the well-being of your country?

Read the passage below and answer the question that follows:

A patriot is a man who loves his country, works for it, and is willing to fight and die for it. Every soldier is bound to do his duty, but the best soldiers do more than this: they risk their lives because they love the country they are fighting for. They love its hills and valleys, its cities and villages, its people and their way of life, and they are willing to defend it to the last against enemies who try to conquer it and destroy it.
Why is it that some nations have disappeared altogether? It has nearly always been because when the great test came, and everything depended upon the most active resistance to the enemy—not enough men and women were found ready to sacrifice themselves so that their country and their fellow countrymen might continue to live.
Why is it that other nations, often small in population and power, when compared with others, remain century after century free and independent despite great wars that have been fought around them and even within their own borders? The answer is that nowhere in such countries have men been found willing to yield to the enemy, for a time they may have seemed to be the mercy of conquering. However, they still have waited, refusing to give in until, at last, the opportunity has come to destroy or drive out the enemy and win back their freedom.

Rewrite the following sentence as instructed:
A patriot is a man who loves his country. (Rewrite the sentence by removing 'who'.)

Read the passage below and answer the question that follows:

A patriot is a man who loves his country, works for it, and is willing to fight and die for it. Every soldier is bound to do his duty, but the best soldiers do more than this: they risk their lives because they love the country they are fighting for. They love its hills and valleys, its cities and villages, its people and their way of life, and they are willing to defend it to the last against enemies who try to conquer it and destroy it.
Why is it that some nations have disappeared altogether? It has nearly always been because when the great test came, and everything depended upon the most active resistance to the enemy—not enough men and women were found ready to sacrifice themselves so that their country and their fellow countrymen might continue to live.
Why is it that other nations, often small in population and power, when compared with others, remain century after century free and independent despite great wars that have been fought around them and even within their own borders? The answer is that nowhere in such countries have men been found willing to yield to the enemy, for a time they may have seemed to be the mercy of conquering. However, they still have waited, refusing to give in until, at last, the opportunity has come to destroy or drive out the enemy and win back their freedom.

Rewrite the following sentence as instructed:

They love their cities. They love their villages. (Combine the sentences using 'both... and'.)

Read the passage below and answer the question that follows:

A patriot is a man who loves his country, works for it, and is willing to fight and die for it. Every soldier is bound to do his duty, but the best soldiers do more than this: they risk their lives because they love the country they are fighting for. They love its hills and valleys, its cities and villages, its people and their way of life, and they are willing to defend it to the last against enemies who try to conquer it and destroy it.
Why is it that some nations have disappeared altogether? It has nearly always been because when the great test came, and everything depended upon the most active resistance to the enemy—not enough men and women were found ready to sacrifice themselves so that their country and their fellow countrymen might continue to live.
Why is it that other nations, often small in population and power, when compared with others, remain century after century free and independent despite great wars that have been fought around them and even within their own borders? The answer is that nowhere in such countries have men been found willing to yield to the enemy, for a time they may have seemed to be the mercy of conquering. However, they still have waited, refusing to give in until, at last, the opportunity has come to destroy or drive out the enemy and win back their freedom.

Rewrite the following sentence as instructed:

Unless they are willing to defend it to the last, they will not conquer. (use 'If... not')

Read the passage below and answer the question that follows:

A patriot is a man who loves his country, works for it, and is willing to fight and die for it. Every soldier is bound to do his duty, but the best soldiers do more than this: they risk their lives because they love the country they are fighting for. They love its hills and valleys, its cities and villages, its people and their way of life, and they are willing to defend it to the last against enemies who try to conquer it and destroy it.
Why is it that some nations have disappeared altogether? It has nearly always been because when the great test came, and everything depended upon the most active resistance to the enemy—not enough men and women were found ready to sacrifice themselves so that their country and their fellow countrymen might continue to live.
Why is it that other nations, often small in population and power, when compared with others, remain century after century free and independent despite great wars that have been fought around them and even within their own borders? The answer is that nowhere in such countries have men been found willing to yield to the enemy, for a time they may have seemed to be the mercy of conquering. However, they still have waited, refusing to give in until, at last, the opportunity has come to destroy or drive out the enemy and win back their freedom.

Find the opposite word for the following from the extract:

Slavery

Read the passage below and answer the question that follows:

A patriot is a man who loves his country, works for it, and is willing to fight and die for it. Every soldier is bound to do his duty, but the best soldiers do more than this: they risk their lives because they love the country they are fighting for. They love its hills and valleys, its cities and villages, its people and their way of life, and they are willing to defend it to the last against enemies who try to conquer it and destroy it.
Why is it that some nations have disappeared altogether? It has nearly always been because when the great test came, and everything depended upon the most active resistance to the enemy—not enough men and women were found ready to sacrifice themselves so that their country and their fellow countrymen might continue to live.
Why is it that other nations, often small in population and power, when compared with others, remain century after century free and independent despite great wars that have been fought around them and even within their own borders? The answer is that nowhere in such countries have men been found willing to yield to the enemy, for a time they may have seemed to be the mercy of conquering. However, they still have waited, refusing to give in until, at last, the opportunity has come to destroy or drive out the enemy and win back their freedom.

Find the opposite word for the following from the extract:

Traitor

Read the passage below and answer the question that follows:

I have mentioned the names of some great ones of those times. One of the greatest of these, I have not yet mentioned. His name was Socrates. He was a philosopher, always searching for the truth. To him, the only thing worth having was the truth, and he often discussed difficult questions with his friends and acquaintances, so that out of the discussion, the truth might emerge. He had many disciples or chelas, and the greatest of these was Plato. From his books, we know a great deal of his master, Socrates. Evidently, governments do not like the search, trying to find out things: they held a trial and condemned him to death. They told him that if he promised to give up his discussion with people and changed his ways, they would let him off. But he refused to do so and preferred the cup of poison, which brought him death, for giving up what he considered his duty.

Who was Socrates?

Read the passage below and answer the question that follows:

I have mentioned the names of some great ones of those times. One of the greatest of these, I have not yet mentioned. His name was Socrates. He was a philosopher, always searching for the truth. To him, the only thing worth having was the truth, and he often discussed difficult questions with his friends and acquaintances, so that out of the discussion, the truth might emerge. He had many disciples or chelas, and the greatest of these was Plato. From his books, we know a great deal of his master, Socrates. Evidently, governments do not like the search, trying to find out things: they held a trial and condemned him to death. They told him that if he promised to give up his discussion with people and changed his ways, they would let him off. But he refused to do so and preferred the cup of poison, which brought him death, for giving up what he considered his duty.

What is the source of our knowledge about Socrates? 

Read the passage below and answer the question that follows:

I have mentioned the names of some great ones of those times. One of the greatest of these, I have not yet mentioned. His name was Socrates. He was a philosopher, always searching for the truth. To him, the only thing worth having was the truth, and he often discussed difficult questions with his friends and acquaintances, so that out of the discussion, the truth might emerge. He had many disciples or chelas, and the greatest of these was Plato. From his books, we know a great deal of his master, Socrates. Evidently, governments do not like the search, trying to find out things: they held a trial and condemned him to death. They told him that if he promised to give up his discussion with people and changed his ways, they would let him off. But he refused to do so and preferred the cup of poison, which brought him death, for giving up what he considered his duty.

“But he refused to do so...” What did he refuse to do?