Read the passage given below carefully and then answer these questions based on what is stated or implied in the passage.
Soft-bodied animals like caterpillars often fall a prey to voracious hunters like birds or reptiles. Despite having no means to 'actively' defend themselves, with weapons like claws or jaws, they have, nevertheless, evolved other equally effective deterrents. A particular species of the caterpillar lives at an altitude of over 2,500 meters in the Himalayas. It uses prominent colours to inform would be predators of its inedibility. In the event that an inexperienced or adventurous bird did eat the caterpillar, it would probably vomit it out soon after, and subsequently resist from attacking similar species in the future. Though this would do the unfortunate victim no good, the species benefits. A rare example of the martyr among animals.
The expression 'other equally effective deterrents' means
Important Questions on Reading Comprehension
Soft-bodied animals like caterpillars often fall a prey to voracious hunters like birds or reptiles. Despite having no means to 'actively' defend themselves, with weapons like claws or jaws, they have, nevertheless, evolved other equally effective deterrents. A particular species of the caterpillar lives at an altitude of over 2,500 meters in the Himalayas. It uses prominent colours to inform would be predators of its inedibility. In the event that an inexperienced or adventurous bird did eat the caterpillar, it would probably vomit it out soon after, and subsequently desist from attacking similar species in the future. Though this would do the unfortunate victim no good, the species benefits. A rare example of the martyr among animals.
The Himalayan caterpillar uses prominent colours to
Soft-bodied animals like caterpillars often fall a prey to voracious hunters like birds or reptiles. Despite having no means to 'actively' defend themselves, with weapons like claws or jaws, they have, nevertheless, evolved other equally effective deterrents. A particular species of the caterpillar lives at an altitude of over 2,500 meters in the Himalayas. It uses prominent colours to inform would be predators of its inedibility. In the event that an inexperienced or adventurous bird did eat the caterpillar, it would probably vomit it out soon after, and subsequently desist from attacking similar species in the future. Though this would do the unfortunate victim no good, the species benefits. A rare example of the martyr among animals.
Experienced birds do not attack the Himalayan caterpillar because they are
Read the following passage carefully and answer the questions given below it.
Language, they say, is the lens through which human beings perceive the world. If so, English is perhaps the most distorting lens through which to see animals. It has perpetuated a cross-eyed view of birds, beasts, fish, and fowl. The very world 'animal' connotes the brutish and the sensual. Animal instincts and animal passions imply baseness and vulgarity. the language transfers negative human traits to animals, making the former appear as characteristics of the latter. Thus, the chicken is cowardly, frightened, faint-heated; the goat lustful and foolish; the bear rough and ill-bred. Butterflies are flighty, and foxes notorious for craftiness and cunning. The baffle, deceive, cheat. Much the worst one, reptiles, particularly the snake, creeping, base, malignant, abject, ungrateful, and treacherous. Always the snake in the grass. Each species carries its denigration forever embedded in its English name giving the language as many unpleasant adjectives and figures of speech as it could want. To be bull-headed is to be impetuous and obstinate; the catfish woman is spiteful and back-biting; the crab-faced person has a peevish countenance. An elephant's walk is ungainly, bird brains are to be ridiculed and the herd mentality draws only contempt. You can be as blind as a bat and batty if you are crazy as well.
According to the passage, the English language is the lens-
Language, they say, is the lens through which human beings perceive the world. If so, English is perhaps the most distorting lens through which to see animals. It has perpetuated a cross-eyed view of birds, beasts, fish and fowl. The very world 'animal' connotes the brutish and the sensual. Animal instincts and animal passions imply baseness and vulgarity. the language transfers negative human traits to animals, making the former appear as characteristics of the later. Thus, the chicken is cowardly, frightened, faint-heated; the goat lustful and foolish; the bear rough and ill-bred. Butterflies are flighty, and foxes notorious for craftiness and cunning. They baffle, deceive, cheat. Much the worst one, reptiles, particularly the snake, creeping, base, malignant, abject, ungrateful and treacherous. Always the snake in the grass.Each species carries its denigration forever embedded in its English name giving the language as many unpleasant adjectives and figures of speech as it could possibly want. To be bull-headed is to be impetuous and obstinate; the catfish woman is spiteful and back-biting; the crab-faced person has a peevish countenance. An elephant's walk is ungainly, bird brains are to be ridiculed and the herd mentality draws only contempt. You can be as blind as a bat and batty, if you are crazy as well.
The phrase “Always the snake in the grass"
Read the following passage carefully and answer the questions given below it.
Language, they say, is the lens through which human beings perceive the world. If so, English is perhaps the most distorting lens through which to see animals. It has perpetuated a cross-eyed view of birds, beasts, fish, and fowl. The very world 'animal' connotes the brutish and the sensual. Animal instincts and animal passions imply baseness and vulgarity. The language transfers negative human traits to animals, making the former appear as characteristics of the latter. Thus, the chicken is cowardly, frightened, faint-heated; the goat lustful and foolish; the bear rough and ill-bred. Butterflies are flighty, and foxes are notorious for craftiness and cunning. They baffle, deceive, cheat. Much the worst one, reptiles, particularly the snake, creeping, base, malignant, abject, ungrateful, and treacherous. Always the snake in the grass. Each species carries its denigration forever embedded in its English name giving the language as many unpleasant adjectives and figures of speech as it could possibly want. To be bull-headed is to be impetuous and obstinate; the catfish woman is spiteful and back-biting; the crab-faced person has a peevish countenance. An elephant's walk is ungainly, bird brains are to be ridiculed and the herd mentality draws only contempt. You can be as blind as a bat and batty if you are crazy as well.
In the English language, the animals are _____.
Primitive man was probably more concerned with fire as a source of warmth and as a means of cooking food than as a source of light. Before he discovered less laborious ways of making fire, he had to preserve it, and whenever he went on a journey he carried a firebrand with him. His discovery that the firebrand, from which the torch may very well have developed, could be used for illumination was probably incidental to the primary purpose of preserving a flame. Lamps, too, probably developed by accident. Early man may have had his first conception of a lamp while watching a twig or fibre burning in the molten fat dropped from a roasting carcass. All he had to do was to fashion a vessel to contain fat and float a lighted reed in it. Such lamps, which are made of hollowed stones or sea shells, have persisted in identical from up to quite recent times.
Primitive man's most important use for fire was:
Primitive man was probably more concerned with fire as a source of warmth and as a means of cooking food than as a source of light. Before he discovered less laborious ways of making fire, he had to preserve it, and whenever he went on a journey he carried a firebrand with him. His discovery that the firebrand, from which the torch may very well have developed, could be used for illumination was probably incidental to the primary purpose of preserving a flame. Lamps, too, probably developed by accident. Early man may have had his first conception of a lamp while watching a twig or fibre burning in the molten fat dropped from a roasting carcass. All he had to do was to fashion a vessel to contain fat and float a lighted reed in it. Such lamps, which are made of hollowed stones or sea shells, have persisted in identical from up to quite recent times.
The firebrand was used to:
Primitive man was probably more concerned with fire as a source of warmth and as a means of cooking food than as a source of light. Before he discovered less laborious ways of making fire, he had to preserve it, and whenever he went on a journey he carried a firebrand with him. His discovery that the firebrand, from which the torch may very well have developed, could be used for illumination was probably incidental to the primary purpose of preserving a flame. Lamps, too, probably developed by accident. Early man may have had his first conception of a lamp while watching a twig or fibre burning in the molten fat dropped from a roasting carcass. All he had to do was to fashion a vessel to contain fat and float a lighted reed in it. Such lamps, which are made of hollowed stones or sea shells, have persisted in identical from up to quite recent times.
By primary the author means:
