Match the plants in Column I with their features listed in the Column II, III and IV. Column I: Types of plants Column II: Types of Photosynthesis Column III: Site of Calvin cycle Column IV: Time of stomata opening Rice CAM Mesophyll Day Pineapple C 4 Bundle Sheath Night Sugarcane C 3 Choose the correct combination.

Rice- C 3 -Mesophyll-Day, Pineapple-CAM-Mesophyll-Night, Sugarcane- C 4 -Bundle sheath-day

Rice- C 3 -Mesophyll-Day, Pineapple-CAM- Mesophyll-Night, Sugarcane- C 4 - Mesophyll-Day

Rice- C 4 -Mesophyll-Day, Pineapple- C 3 -Bundle sheath-Night, Sugarcane-CAM-Bundle sheath-Day

Rice-CAM-Mesophyll-Day, Pineapple-CAM-Mesophyll-Day, Sugarcane- C 4 -Bundle sheath-Day

Series of enzymes involved in the given reactions of C 3 cycle (i) A 6 c + B 3 c → C 4 c + D 5 c (ii) C 4 c + E 3 c → F 7 c (iii) D 5 c → G 5 c (iv) G 5 c + ATP → H 5 c

Transketolases, Aldolases, Epimerases, Kinases

Aldolases, Transketolases, Isomerases, Kinases

Aldolases, Transketolases, Phosphatases, Kinases

Transketolases, Aldolases, Kinases, Epimerases

Two independent experiments related to photosynthesis were conducted, one with O 18 -labelled water (experiment P ) and the other C 14 -labelled CO 2 (experiment Q ). Which one of the following options lists the first labelled products in experiments P and Q , respectively?

P : O 2 Q : 3 - phosphoglycerate

P : 3 -phosphoglycerate Q : NADPH

P : 3 -phosphoglycerate Q : 3 -phosphoglycerate

Why is phorespiration avoided in C 4 plants?

Photorespiration is the process of oxidation that is initiated in the chloroplast and takes place only during the day. RuBisCO, the enzyme required for CO 2 fixation in the Calvin cycle, is responsible for the photorespiration. The active site of the enzyme RuBisCO can bind to both CO 2 and O 2 . In C 4 plants, a special anatomical feature is seen, called Kranz anatomy. The large bundle sheath cells are arranged in two or three layers around the vascular bundles. Two types of chloroplast are found in C 4 plants, the chloroplast present in mesophyll cell is small and has well-developed grana while the chloroplast found in bundle sheath cell is large and without grana. Thylakoids are found in the form of stroma lamellae. Hence, in C 4 plants, the light reaction takes place in mesophyll cells. In C 4 plants, PEP carboxylase (PEPCase) enzyme catalyses the carboxylation and fixes CO 2 at low concentration in the mesophyll cells. In the bundle sheath cells, CO 2 concentration is more hence, RuBisCO functions as carboxylase, and photorespiration is avoided.

RuBisCO has no role in carbon fixation

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Life Sciences>From Molecules to Organisms: Structures and Processes>Use a model to illustrate how photosynthesis transforms light energy into stored chemical energy.>Organization for Matter and Energy Flow in Organisms - The process of photosynthesis converts light energy to stored chemical energy by converting carbon dioxide plus water into sugars plus released oxygen.

Match the plants in Column I with their features listed in the Column II, III and IV.

Column I: Types of plants	Column II: Types of Photosynthesis	Column III: Site of Calvin cycle	Column IV: Time of stomata opening
Rice	CAM	Mesophyll	Day
Pineapple	$C 4$	Bundle Sheath	Night
Sugarcane	$C 3$

Choose the correct combination.

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Life Sciences>From Molecules to Organisms: Structures and Processes>Use a model to illustrate how photosynthesis transforms light energy into stored chemical energy.>Organization for Matter and Energy Flow in Organisms - The process of photosynthesis converts light energy to stored chemical energy by converting carbon dioxide plus water into sugars plus released oxygen.

Series of enzymes involved in the given reactions of $C_{3}$ cycle

(i) $A [6 c] + B [3 c] \to C [4 c] + D [5 c]$

(ii) $C [4 c] + E [3 c] \to F [7 c]$

(iii) $D [5 c] \to G [5 c]$

(iv) $G [5 c] + ATP \to H [5 c]$

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Life Sciences>From Molecules to Organisms: Structures and Processes>Use a model to illustrate how photosynthesis transforms light energy into stored chemical energy.>Organization for Matter and Energy Flow in Organisms - The process of photosynthesis converts light energy to stored chemical energy by converting carbon dioxide plus water into sugars plus released oxygen.

In the maize plant,

{CO}_{2}

fixation occurs in both mesophyll and bundle sheath cells. The enzymes involved in these cells for the process respectively are

EASY

Life Sciences>From Molecules to Organisms: Structures and Processes>Use a model to illustrate how photosynthesis transforms light energy into stored chemical energy.>Organization for Matter and Energy Flow in Organisms - The process of photosynthesis converts light energy to stored chemical energy by converting carbon dioxide plus water into sugars plus released oxygen.

The first stable compound formed in

C_{4}

plants

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Life Sciences>From Molecules to Organisms: Structures and Processes>Use a model to illustrate how photosynthesis transforms light energy into stored chemical energy.>Organization for Matter and Energy Flow in Organisms - The process of photosynthesis converts light energy to stored chemical energy by converting carbon dioxide plus water into sugars plus released oxygen.

In

C_{4}

plants,

C_{3}

cycle takes place in

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Life Sciences>From Molecules to Organisms: Structures and Processes>Use a model to illustrate how photosynthesis transforms light energy into stored chemical energy.>Organization for Matter and Energy Flow in Organisms - The process of photosynthesis converts light energy to stored chemical energy by converting carbon dioxide plus water into sugars plus released oxygen.

The enzyme that is not found is

C_{3}

plants is:

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Life Sciences>From Molecules to Organisms: Structures and Processes>Use a model to illustrate how photosynthesis transforms light energy into stored chemical energy.>Organization for Matter and Energy Flow in Organisms - The process of photosynthesis converts light energy to stored chemical energy by converting carbon dioxide plus water into sugars plus released oxygen.

Two independent experiments related to photosynthesis were conducted, one with

{}^{18}O

-labelled water (experiment

P

) and the other

{}^{14}C

-labelled

{CO}_{2}

(experiment

Q

). Which one of the following options lists the first labelled products in experiments

P

and

Q,

respectively?

EASY

Life Sciences>From Molecules to Organisms: Structures and Processes>Use a model to illustrate how photosynthesis transforms light energy into stored chemical energy.>Organization for Matter and Energy Flow in Organisms - The process of photosynthesis converts light energy to stored chemical energy by converting carbon dioxide plus water into sugars plus released oxygen.

Identify the reaction for which the

C_{4}

plants require some extra ATP molecules in comparson to

C_{3}

plants.

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Life Sciences>From Molecules to Organisms: Structures and Processes>Use a model to illustrate how photosynthesis transforms light energy into stored chemical energy.>Organization for Matter and Energy Flow in Organisms - The process of photosynthesis converts light energy to stored chemical energy by converting carbon dioxide plus water into sugars plus released oxygen.

A plant in your garden avoids photorespiratory losses, has improved water use efficiency, shows high rates of photosynthesis at high temperatures and has improved efficiency of nitrogen utilization. In which of the following physiological groups would you assign this plant?

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Life Sciences>From Molecules to Organisms: Structures and Processes>Use a model to illustrate how photosynthesis transforms light energy into stored chemical energy.>Organization for Matter and Energy Flow in Organisms - The process of photosynthesis converts light energy to stored chemical energy by converting carbon dioxide plus water into sugars plus released oxygen.

Consider the following statements regarding photosynthesis and respiration in plants and select the correct option.
I.

RuBisCO

has high affinity to oxygen in low

{CO}_{2}

concentration.
II. The Calvin pathway occurs in the chloroplast of bundle sheath cells of

C_{4}

plants.
III. Yeast position themselves when the concentration of alcohol reaches

7 %

.
IV. Oxygen is a final hydrogen acceptor during aerobic respiration.

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Life Sciences>From Molecules to Organisms: Structures and Processes>Use a model to illustrate how photosynthesis transforms light energy into stored chemical energy.>Organization for Matter and Energy Flow in Organisms - The process of photosynthesis converts light energy to stored chemical energy by converting carbon dioxide plus water into sugars plus released oxygen.

Assertion (A): Relative concentration of O₂and CO₂ determines which of the two will bind to

RuBisCO .

Reason (R):

RuBisCO

has a much greater affinity for CO₂ than for O₂.
The correct option among the following is:

EASY

Life Sciences>From Molecules to Organisms: Structures and Processes>Use a model to illustrate how photosynthesis transforms light energy into stored chemical energy.>Organization for Matter and Energy Flow in Organisms - The process of photosynthesis converts light energy to stored chemical energy by converting carbon dioxide plus water into sugars plus released oxygen.

The two enzymatic activities associated with RuBisCO are:

EASY

Life Sciences>From Molecules to Organisms: Structures and Processes>Use a model to illustrate how photosynthesis transforms light energy into stored chemical energy.>Organization for Matter and Energy Flow in Organisms - The process of photosynthesis converts light energy to stored chemical energy by converting carbon dioxide plus water into sugars plus released oxygen.

Identify the correct sequence of stages of Calvin cycle?

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Life Sciences>From Molecules to Organisms: Structures and Processes>Use a model to illustrate how photosynthesis transforms light energy into stored chemical energy.>Organization for Matter and Energy Flow in Organisms - The process of photosynthesis converts light energy to stored chemical energy by converting carbon dioxide plus water into sugars plus released oxygen.

The glycolytic reversal involves following steps of Calvin cycle ________.

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Life Sciences>From Molecules to Organisms: Structures and Processes>Use a model to illustrate how photosynthesis transforms light energy into stored chemical energy.>Organization for Matter and Energy Flow in Organisms - The process of photosynthesis converts light energy to stored chemical energy by converting carbon dioxide plus water into sugars plus released oxygen.

Identify the differences between $C_{3}$ and $C_{4}$ plants among the following characters

A) Photorespiration rate
B) Activity of RuBisCO
C) Type of light reactions
D) ${CO}_{2}$ primary acceptor from atmosphere
E) Anatomy of the leaf

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Life Sciences>From Molecules to Organisms: Structures and Processes>Use a model to illustrate how photosynthesis transforms light energy into stored chemical energy.>Organization for Matter and Energy Flow in Organisms - The process of photosynthesis converts light energy to stored chemical energy by converting carbon dioxide plus water into sugars plus released oxygen.

Why is phorespiration avoided in C₄ plants?

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Life Sciences>From Molecules to Organisms: Structures and Processes>Use a model to illustrate how photosynthesis transforms light energy into stored chemical energy.>Organization for Matter and Energy Flow in Organisms - The process of photosynthesis converts light energy to stored chemical energy by converting carbon dioxide plus water into sugars plus released oxygen.

To avoid photorespiration, which anatomical peculiarities are shown by C₄ plants?

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Life Sciences>From Molecules to Organisms: Structures and Processes>Use a model to illustrate how photosynthesis transforms light energy into stored chemical energy.>Organization for Matter and Energy Flow in Organisms - The process of photosynthesis converts light energy to stored chemical energy by converting carbon dioxide plus water into sugars plus released oxygen.

Number of given forms of phosphate ions released during the synthesis of 10 glucose molecules in calvin cycle in series

a)

Inorganic phosphate

b)

H_{2} {PO}_{4}^{-}

c)

ADP

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Life Sciences>From Molecules to Organisms: Structures and Processes>Use a model to illustrate how photosynthesis transforms light energy into stored chemical energy.>Organization for Matter and Energy Flow in Organisms - The process of photosynthesis converts light energy to stored chemical energy by converting carbon dioxide plus water into sugars plus released oxygen.

Which of the following statements is incorrect?

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Life Sciences>From Molecules to Organisms: Structures and Processes>Use a model to illustrate how photosynthesis transforms light energy into stored chemical energy.>Organization for Matter and Energy Flow in Organisms - The process of photosynthesis converts light energy to stored chemical energy by converting carbon dioxide plus water into sugars plus released oxygen.

If

^{14} C O_{2}

is added to a suspension of photosynthesizing chloroplasts, which of the following will be the first compound to be radioactive?

RuBisCO has no role in carbon fixation.

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