Tabulate any of the four activities which are prohibited in a sanctuary following the provisions of Wildfire Act?

The World fire Act provides for the protection of the country’s wild animals, birds, and plant species, in order to ensure environmental and ecological security. The expected outcome of the Wildfire Act and Rule is that fire starts prevented. But if a person causes a fire, they are needed to extinguish it if practicable or control the fire to limit fire spread and damage until additional resources arrive or the person is relieved by an official. The following are the four activities that are prohibited in a sanctuary: • Destruction in a sanctuary without permission. • causing a fire is prohibited. • prohibition of entry into the sanctuary with a weapon. • Ban on the use of injurious substances.

Discuss any two roles of People’s Biodiversity Register (PBR) in conserving local biodiversity?

To identify the unique biodiversity of the area like sacred groves, Rare, Endangered and threatened species, biodiversity which is a commercial benefit for Access and benefit-sharing. PBR documentation helps sustainable resource management in the Restoration of Traditional fishes, Crops, Wildlife habitats and locally endangered wild species. These are the two roles of the People’s Biodiversity Register (PBR) in conserving local Biodiversity: • To conserve and sustainable use of biodiversity. • Protection & rehabilitation of threatened species.

Hilsa, Bee, Penguin, Rauwolfia - Assess which are the causes of endangeredness of the above-mention organisms?

The Hilsa fish is on the brink of extinction because of migration barriers and over-fishing. The main reasons for the bees’ being endangered are parasites, habitat loss, and cell phones. Penguins face many threats, from introduced predators and diseases, and geological events like volcanic eruptions, to pollution, getting tangled in fishing nets, climate change, and severe weather. Snakeroot, Rauwolfia serpentina , is an endangered species due to its overexploitation as a potent source of reserpine, an antipsychotic and antihypertensive drug.

Relate the following phenomena with the trend of disturbance in Nitrogen Cycle resulting from different human activities: Global Warming Acidification of soil and water of river and lake

Human activities such as the use of fertilizer greatly increase the amount of nitrogen mainly including oxides of nitrogen (NO x ), ammonia (NH 3 ) and Nitrous oxide (N 2 O) from the aquatic and terrestrial ecosystem and NO x from fossil fuel and biomass combustion. Nitrous oxide (N 2 O) is 300 times more effective than CO 2 as a greenhouse gas. Thus, an increased amount of N 2 O and other oxides of nitrogen cause global warming. This led to the acidification of downstream freshwater systems like rivers and lakes.

Summarise which conservation measures have been adopted to increase the population of an endangered mammal exclusively found in the swampy grass lands under the foothills of the Eastern Himalaya. Discuss the role of biodiversity in maintaining the balance of the ecosystem of a river.

Biodiversity hotspot is a biogeographic region with a significant reservoir of biodiversity that is under threat from human beings. Out of 34 globally identified biodiversity hotspots all over the world, there are only four in India, which include Eastern Himalayas (North Eastern Hilly states), lndo-Myanmar (Burma) area including Andaman and Nicobar Islands, Western Ghats and Srilanka, Sundaland including the islands of the Andaman Sea. The Eastern Himalayas is the region encompassing Bhutan, north Eastern India and Southern, Central and Eastern Nepal. The Eastern Himalayan hotspot has nearly 163 globally threatened species including the one-horned Rhinoceros ( Rhinoceros unicornis ), the wild Asian water Buffalo and in all 45 mammals, 50 birds, 17 reptiles, 12 amphibians, 3 invertebrate and 26 plant species. There are 10,000 plant species and 300 animal species like Golden langur, Himalayan tahr, pygmy hog, snow leopard, black bear, gangetic dolphin which are endemic in nature.

'The ever-increasing population in the different cities of India is creating the crisis of ground water' Support the statement with reasons on the basis of your experiences. Construct a concept map to show how the increase in human habitat is influencing the ecosystem of Sunderbans.

The Sundarbans constitute one of the largest mangrove ecosystems comprising the deltaic regions of the Hooghly river and its tributaries in West Bengal, India and the Padma, Brahmaputra deltaic region of Bangladesh. It consists of Halophytic mangrove vegetation and the Royal Bengal Tiger, Marshy crocodile and other animals. It is having 10,000 sq km approximately. The causes for loss of ecosystem of Sunderbans are: Urbanization: The increasing population pressure has led to the spreading if urban dewellings into the forest, though the core areas of the forest have been clearly demarkated, but there has been increasing in the unauthorized deforestation process. Agriculture: In order to meet the increasing demand for food, the forest areas have been transformed into agricultural land. Freshwater crisis: The area remains at the confluence of perennial rivers and sea but due to the global green house effect, the sea level is rising and it causes filtration of saline water.

Speculate the probable causes of each of the following phenomena: Insomnia, High blood pressure, partial or complete deafness Decrease in the concentration of dissolved oxygen in water and floating of dead fishes Dwindling populations of alligators were the result of hunting and loss of habitat, Inflammation in the respiratory tract of lung Decrease in the number of pollination insects

Air pollution refers to the release of pollutants into the air—pollutants which are detrimental to human health and the planet as a whole. According to the World Health Organization (WHO), each year air pollution is responsible for nearly seven million deaths around the globe. Causes of Insomnia, High blood pressure, partial or complete deafness: Air pollution is a cause of such diseases. Hypertension is an accelerating factor in the degeneration of the auditory system and hearing as people age. Low dissolved oxygen primarily results from excessive algae growth caused by high levels of nutrients such as phosphorus and nitrogen. This is known as water eutrophication (nutrient enrichment) resulting from anthropogenic activities such as agriculture, industry, and sewage disposal. Dwindling populations of alligators and crocodiles were the result of hunting and loss of habitat. Lung inflammation can come from exposures, infections, and diseases like asthma or bronchitis. When airborne toxins enter the lungs, irritation results. Common irritants include: Cigarette smoke, Pollutants, Chemicals, Fumes. The main problem affecting most pollinators is thought to be the loss of suitable habitat. Including forage and nesting or breeding sites.

Evaluate the effects of following pollutants on environment and human health: Non-biodegradable insecticides Pollen grain Chemical fertilizers containing phosphate and nitrate Wastes containing pathogens originated from health centres Chloroflorocarbon

Environmental pollution may be defined as any undesirable change in the physical, chemical or biological characteristics environment which can cause undesirable effects on various forms of life or property. Types of pollutants i.e. Biodegradable pollutants: That degrades or decomposes rapidly by natural processes. Non-biodegradable pollutants: Do not decompose or decompose very slowly in the environment. Effect of Non-biodegradable insecticides on environment and human health: Pesticides are chemical compositions employed to eliminate fungal or animal pests. They get to be suspended in the air and move when the wind blows, it potentially pollutes the air. When pesticides get into the water, they do so by drifting, running off, and leaching in the soil or through the direct application on top of the water, for example, to eliminate mosquitoes. Effect of pollen on environment and human health: Pollen grains are minute bodies in the form of fine to coarse dust that causes allergic reactions. Effect of Chemical fertilizers containing phosphate and nitrate on environment and human health: Fertilizers containing nitrogen and phosphorus are particularly noxious to animal and human health, causing eutrophication and mass death of fish and other aerobic organisms living in water. Effect of Wastes containing pathogens originated from health centres on environment and human health: Infectious waste may contain any of a great variety of pathogenic microorganisms. Pathogens in infectious waste may enter the human body by a number of routes. Effect of Chloroflorocarbon on environment and human health: Man-made compounds such as chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs), hydrofluorocarbons (HCFCs) and halons destroy ozone in the upper atmosphere (stratosphere).

HARD

10th West Bengal Board

IMPORTANT

Earn 100

Show the steps of a nitrogen cycle with the help of a flow chart.

Important Questions on Environment : Its Resources and Their Conservation

HARD

10th West Bengal Board

IMPORTANT

EMBIBE CHAPTER WISE PREVIOUS YEAR PAPERS FOR SCIENCE>Chapter 18 - Environment : Its Resources and Their Conservation>West Bengal Board-2018>Q 17

What environmental factors may cause cancer in humans? If the water level in the sea increases enormously due to global warming, what problems will the humans and bio-diversity of Sunderbans face?

HARD

10th West Bengal Board

IMPORTANT

EMBIBE CHAPTER WISE PREVIOUS YEAR PAPERS FOR SCIENCE>Chapter 18 - Environment : Its Resources and Their Conservation>West Bengal Board-2018>Q 18

Mention the in-situ measures adopted for the conservation of lions in Gir National park of India. What environmental problems may arise in a locality due to the ever-increasing human population?

EASY

10th West Bengal Board

IMPORTANT

EMBIBE CHAPTER WISE PREVIOUS YEAR PAPERS FOR SCIENCE>Chapter 18 - Environment : Its Resources and Their Conservation>West Bengal Board-2019>Q 19

Decide which of the following if remains for a long time in the environment, the probability of its biomagnification increases

EASY

10th West Bengal Board

IMPORTANT

EMBIBE CHAPTER WISE PREVIOUS YEAR PAPERS FOR SCIENCE>Chapter 18 - Environment : Its Resources and Their Conservation>West Bengal Board-2019>Q 20

Gorumara, Corbett, Kulik, Nandadevi - choose the correct sequence from the following which is correct for the above forests in sequence -

EASY

10th West Bengal Board