
Species whose members are few and live in small geographical areas are called _______ species.

Important Questions on Organisms and Environment - II








\n1. In-situ conservation which is also called on-site conservation.
\n2. Ex-situ conservation which is also called off-site conservation.
\nIn-situ conservation: In this type of conservation, we protect the whole ecosystem, we give safety at all the level of trophic levels. It means we save all the extinct species. This problem is addressed on a global basis by various conservationists.
\nIn-situ conservation techniques are of two types, hot spots and protected areas.
\n(a) Hot spots: Norman Myers developed this concept, 20% of the human population and almost 25% plants species inhabits here. They are the wealthiest and most threatened reservoirs of plant and animal life on Earth.
\nThere are some key criteria for determining a hot spot:
\n(1): very high level of species richness
\n(2): high degree of endemism
\n(3): the degree of threat, which is measured in terms of the habitat loss.
\nInitially, there were 25 hotspots in a number, now it is 34, and covering less than 2% of earth's land area.
\nDue to these hotspots, ongoing mass extinction decreased by 30%, strict protection can be given to these harbor species.
\nIn India, there are three biodiversity hot spots:
\n1. the Western Ghats and Sri Lanka.
\n2. Indo Burma.
\n3. Himalaya
\nHimalaya is one of the richest hot spots of biodiversity in India.
\n(b): Protected area: This is for the maintenance and protection of land and sea biodiversity, and are associated with cultural resources. They are managed by legal norms.
\nIts network consists of:
\n1. Sacred groves/ lakes.
\n2. Biosphere reserve: comprises terrestrial or Marine.
\n3. National Park and wildlife sanctuaries.
\nIn India, we have 90 national parks, 14 biospheres reserves and 448 wildlife sanctuaries which are covering 4.7% of the land surface as against international norms of 10%.
\nNational parks are maintained by the government for flora and fauna both. The Jim Corbett national park was the first national park established in India.
\nGlobally, Yellowstone and the Royal are the other national parks were established.
\nSanctuary: this is the tract of land where all the types of protection given to the species, from exploitation and habitat disruption. Harvesting of timber, collection of forest commodities, tilling of land and private ownership are approved.
\n\n"},"encodingFormat":"text/html","position":0,"text":"Ex situ conservation"},"comment":{"@type":"Comment","text":"Botanical gardens and zoological gardens are the examples."},"eduQuestionType":"Multiple choice","encodingFormat":"text/markdown","learningResourceType":"Practice problem","suggestedAnswer":[{"@type":"Answer","comment":{"@type":"Comment","text":"It is a wrong option."},"encodingFormat":"text/html","position":1,"text":"In situ conservation "},{"@type":"Answer","comment":{"@type":"Comment","text":"It is a wrong option."},"encodingFormat":"text/html","position":2,"text":"Reserved conservation "},{"@type":"Answer","comment":{"@type":"Comment","text":"It is a wrong option."},"encodingFormat":"text/html","position":3,"text":"off-site conservation"}],"text":"The conservation of endangered species outside their natural habitats is known as "},"name":"Quiz on Organisms and Environment - II","typicalAgeRange":"10-17","url":"https://www.embibe.com/questions/The-conservation-of-endangered-species-outside-their-natural-habitats-is-known-as-/EM5313655"}Biosphere Reserve: where tribal people are an essential part of the system. This concept was launched in 1975 as a part of UNESCO's Man and Biosphere Programme.
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\nThere is 14 biosphere reserve in India. It consists of three zones: core, buffer and transition zone. It is legally protected. The transition zone is the outermost part of the biosphere reserve where activities like settlement, cropping, forestry, recreation are allowed for conservation goals. The natural or core zone includes the undisturbed and legally protected ecosystem. The main function of the biosphere reserve are development, conservation and scientific research.
\nSacred groves: where all the trees and part of the ecosystem are given full protection from exploitation.
\nThis is also known as the Islands of Pristine forests.
\nKhasi and Jaintia hills in Meghalaya, Aravali hills in Rajasthan, Western Ghats region of Karnataka and Maharashtra, Sarguja, Chanda and Bastar areas of Madhya Pradesh are found in India. Pushkar lake in Rajasthan is the sacred lake. Ocimum sanctum (tulsi) is a sacred plant.
\nEx-situ conservation: in this type of conservation, threatened plants and animals are taken out from their natural habitat and placed in a specially protected area where they can be protected and given care. This is the desirable approach for threatened plants and animals.
\nThey constitute sacred plants, home gardens, seed banks, cryopreservation, field gene banks, botanical gardens zoological park, aquaria, wildlife safari park
\nIn cryopreservation techniques, gametes can be preserved in viable and fertile conditions, for longer periods of time, plants can be propagated in tissue culture techniques, eggs can be fertilized in vitro, seeds of different genera preserved in the gene bank for a long time.
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