Stakeholders of forests are:

(i) Sustainable development is the development that meets the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs.

(ii) The Ganga Action Plan (GAP) is a multi-crore project started in $1985$ to maintain the quality of Ganga water.

(iii) The quality of the water in the Ganga was very poor due to the presence of coliform bacteria. The presence of Coliform bacteria in water indicates contamination by disease-causing microorganisms.

(iv)Resources are limited, and demand is increasing exponentially with the increasing human population.

(v) The three Rs strategies (Reduce, Recycle and Reuse) should be implemented to save natural resources and the environment.

(vi) The management of natural resources requires a long-term perspective and prevents their exploitation for short-term gains.

2. Forests and wildlife:

(i) The forests are the storehouse of biodiversity and provide critical environmental services to mankind.

(ii) The persons with an interest or concern in something are called Stakeholders. There are four stakeholders for Forest Conservation Management — The local people, the forest department of the government, the industrialists, and the wildlife and nature enthusiasts. 

(iii) Amrita Devi Bishnoi, along with $263$ other Bishnoi followers, sacrificed their lives to protect Khejri trees in Khejrali village of Jodhpur.

(iv) The Government of India has recently instituted an "Amrita Devi Bishnoi National Award for Wildlife Conservation" in the memory of Amrita Devi Bishnoi.

(v) Chipko Andolan ("Hug the trees" movement) is a defensive activity by the villagers where they hug the tree and compel the logging contractor or the axeman to stop cutting the trees by embracing and forming a circle around the marked trees.

(vi) The Chipko movement quickly spread across communities and media under the leadership of Shri Sunderlal Bahuguna and Shri Chandi Prasad Bhatt.

(vii) $22\mathrm{nd}$ March of every year is celebrated as World Water Day.

3. Water conservation:

(i) Dams are big store houses of river water. These are constructed across the rivers to make proper use of river water.

(ii) Three problems associated with the construction of large dams are social, economic, and environmental problems.

(iii) Large dams displace many farmers and tribals without inadequate compensation. They consume huge amounts of public money without proportionate benefits.
They cause deforestation and loss of biological diversity.

(iv) Water harvesting is a technique to hold rainwater on the surface of the Earth to recharge groundwater.

4. Judicious use of fossil fuels:

(i) Coal and petroleum are important resources, commonly known as fossil fuels. These fuels are found in the Earth's crust and contain carbon and hydrogen, which can be burned for energy.

(ii) If we do not use our fossil fuels judiciously, the next generation will not be able to avail of these resources.