The average intensity of the solar radiation that strikes normally on a surface just outside the Earth's atmosphere is $1.4 \mathrm{kW} {\mathrm{m}}^{-2}.$ $\left(a\right)$ What radiation pressure $p_{\mathrm{r}}$ is exerted on this surface, assuming complete absorption?
$\left(b\right)$ For comparison, find the ratio of $p_{\mathrm{r}}$ to the Earth's sea-level atmospheric pressure, which is $1.0\times {10}^5 \mathrm{Pa}.$

What is the wavelength of the electromagnetic wave emitted by the oscillator-antenna system of the figure, if $L=0.253 \mathrm{\mu H}$ and $C=30.0 \mathrm{pF}?$

Unpolarized light of intensity $6.5 \mathrm{mW} {\mathrm{m}}^{-2}$ is sent into a polarizing sheet as in the figure. What are $\left(a\right)$ the amplitude of the electric field component of the transmitted light and $\left(b\right)$ the radiation pressure on the sheet due to its absorbing some of the light?

In the given figure, a laser beam of power $4.60 \mathrm{W}$ and $D=3.00 \mathrm{mm}$ is directed upward at one circular face (of diameter $d<2.60 \mathrm{mm}$) of a perfectly reflecting cylinder. The cylinder is levitated because the upward radiation force matches the downward gravitational force. If the cylinder's density is $1.20 \mathrm{g} {\mathrm{cm}}^{-3}$, what is its height $H$?

In figure $a$, a light ray in an underlying material is incident at angle ${\mathrm{\theta }}_1$ on a boundary with water and some of the light refracts into the water. There are two choices of underlying material. For each, the angle of refraction ${\mathrm{\theta }}_2$ versus the incident angle ${\mathrm{\theta }}_1$ is given in figure $b$. The horizontal axis scale is set by ${\mathrm{\theta }}_{1\mathrm{s}}=80°.$ Without calculation, determine whether the index of refraction of $\left(a\right)$ material $1$ and $\left(b\right)$ material $2$ $(n=1.33)$. What is the index of refraction of $\left(c\right)$ material 1 and $\left(d\right)$ material $2$?

$\left(\mathrm{a}\right)$  $\left(\mathrm{b}\right)$