Calcium, iron, vitamin C, and vitamin D are nutrients required in small amounts in the diet. Which two of these nutrients are organic substances?

Organic compounds are compounds of a large class of chemical compounds in which one or more atoms of carbon are covalently linked to atoms of other elements. These are associated with life processes. Vitamins are organic compounds (meaning they contain Carbon) and they are vital nutrients that organisms require in limited amounts. Just like other essential nutrients, vitamins must be obtained from the diet since the organism can not make them (or can not make enough of them) for survival. Vitamin C or L-ascorbic acid, is a naturally occurring organic compound with antioxidant properties. Ascorbic acid is found in plants and food, including citrus fruits, tomatoes and green vegetables. Vitamin D is important for bone health, and maintaining the functioning of the immune system. Exposure to UVB rays from the sun or other sources causes the body to produce vitamin D.

Calcium, iron, vitamin C, and vitamin D are nutrients required in small amounts in the diet. Explain why none of these nutrients need to be digested before they are absorbed.

Digestion is the complex process of turning the food you eat into nutrients, which the body uses for energy, growth, and cell repair needed to survive. The digestion process also involves creating waste to be eliminated. It takes place in the alimentary canal. Digestion is mainly of two types: mechanical digestion in which food is physically broken into smaller parts. For instance, by chewing, and chemical digestion in which food is broken down by acids and enzymes into its basic units. Food has to be broken down chemically into small particles before it can be absorbed. Enzymes are the biological catalysts needed to make this happen quickly enough to be useful. While some food can be consumed directly by the body. Minerals, vitamins, calcium, iron , and water are already small enough to be absorbed by the body without being broken down, so they are not digested.

Calcium, iron, vitamin C, and vitamin D are nutrients required in small amounts in the diet. Describe and explain the deficiency symptoms of a lack of iron in the diet.

Nutrients are compounds in foods that are essential to life and health, providing us with energy, the building blocks for repair and growth. There are six major nutrients: Carbohydrates (CHO), Lipids (fats), Proteins, Vitamins, Minerals, Water. Minerals are those elements on the earth, and in foods that our bodies need to develop and function properly. Those essentials for health include calcium, phosphorus, potassium, sodium, chloride, magnesium, iron, etc. Iron is an essential mineral that is necessary for the transport of oxygen (via hemoglobin in red blood cells) and oxidation by cells. Iron is found in many food items such as liver, red meat, egg yolk, and green vegetables. The deficiency of iron leads to anemia, in which there are not enough red blood cells, so the tissues do not get enough oxygen delivered to them.

The diagram shows the teeth in the upper jaw of the human. Name the teeth labeled A, B, and C.

The maxilla is the bone that forms your upper jaw. The right and left halves of the maxilla are irregularly shaped bones that fuse together in the middle of the skull, below the nose, in an area known as the intermaxillary suture. The maxilla is a major bone of the face. It lies above the gum. A - Incisor: The four front teeth in both the upper and lower jaws. B - Canine: A conical pointed tooth, is placed laterally to each lateral incisor and mesial to the premolars. C - Molar: A tooth with a rounded or flattened surface adapted for grinding; specifically, one of the cheek teeth in mammals behind the incisors.

The diagram shows the teeth in the upper jaw of the human. Draw and label a diagram to show the internal structure of the tooth labeled C.

A tooth with a rounded or flattened surface adapted for grinding; specifically, one of the cheek teeth in mammals behind the incisors. They have broader and flatter surfaces with 4 − 5 cusps . They are designed to grind food. Mandibular molars typically have 2 roots. Maxillary molars, which are located behind the second premolars, typically have 3 roots. There are 12 molars in the permanent dentition with three in each quadrant of the mouth. They are named starting with closest to the midline as first molars, second molars, and third molars. In fact, some people do not fully develop third molars. Third molars are often referred to as wisdom teeth.

The diagram shows the teeth in the upper jaw of the human. Outline the functions of tooth A and tooth C.

A - Incisor: The four front teeth in both the upper and lower jaws. Their primary function is to cut food. The two incisors on either side of the midline are known as central incisors. The two adjacent teeth to the central incisors are known as the lateral incisors. Incisors have a single root and a sharp incisal edge. C - Molar: A tooth with a rounded or flattened surface adapted for grinding; specifically, one of the cheek teeth in mammals behind the incisors. They have broader and flatter surfaces with 4 - 5 cusps . They are designed to grind food. Mandibular molars typically have 2 roots. Maxillary molars, which are located behind the second premolars, typically have 3 roots. There are 12 molars in the permanent dentition with three in each quadrant of the mouth. They are named starting with closest to the midline as first molars, second molars, and third molars. Infact, some people do not fully develop third molars. Third molars are often referred to as wisdom teeth.

E M B I B E

Cambridge IGCSE® Biology Coursebook Third Edition>Chapter 7 - Animal Nutrition>End-of-chapter questions>Q 3

HARD

Upper Secondary: IGCSE

IMPORTANT

Earn 100

The diagram below shows the human digestive system. Give the letters (not the name) of the following part.

The part where egestion takes place.

Important Questions on Animal Nutrition

MEDIUM

Upper Secondary: IGCSE

IMPORTANT

Cambridge IGCSE® Biology Coursebook Third Edition>Chapter 7 - Animal Nutrition>Questions>Q 7.1

A balanced diet contains these nutrients: carbohydrates, vitamins, fats, minerals, proteins, and water.
Which of these nutrients are organic, and which are inorganic?