The fusion reaction that holds most promise for the generation of electricity is the fusion of tritium H 1 3 and deuterium H 1 2 . The following equation shows the process: H 1 3 + H 1 2 → He 2 4 + H 1 1 Calculate: (a) the change in mass in the reaction (Mass of H 1 3 = 3 . 015500 u , Mass of H 1 2 = 2 . 013553 u , Mass of He 2 4 = 4 . 00150 u , Mass of H 1 1 = 1 . 007276 u . )

The change in mass in the reaction is equal to decrease in mass. So, Decrease in mass = 3 . 015500 + 2 . 013553 – 4 . 001506 – 1 . 007276 = 0 . 020271 u = 0 . 020271 × 1 . 660 × 10 - 27 k g = 3 . 365 × 10 - 29 k g

The fusion reaction that holds most promise for the generation of electricity is the fusion of tritium H 1 3 and deuterium H 1 2 . The following equation shows the process: H 1 3 + H 1 2 → He 2 4 + H 1 1 Calculate: (a) the change in mass in the reaction (Mass of H 1 3 = 3 . 015500 u , Mass of H 1 2 = 2 . 013553 u , Mass of He 2 4 = 4 . 00150 u , Mass of H 1 1 = 1 . 007276 u . )

The change in mass in the reaction is equal to decrease in mass. So, Decrease in mass = 3 . 015500 + 2 . 013553 – 4 . 001506 – 1 . 007276 = 0 . 020271 u = 0 . 020271 × 1 . 660 × 10 - 27 k g = 3 . 365 × 10 - 29 k g

The fusion reaction that holds most promise for the generation of electricity is the fusion of tritium H 1 3 and deuterium H 1 2 . The following equation shows the process: H 1 3 + H 1 2 → He 2 4 + H 1 1 Calculate: (b) the energy released in the reaction (Mass of H 1 3 = 3 . 015500 u , Mass of H 1 2 = 2 . 013553 u , Mass of He 2 4 = 4 . 00150 u , Mass of H 1 1 = 1 . 007276 u . )

The change in mass in the reaction is equal to decrease in mass. So, Decrease in mass = 3 . 015500 + 2 . 013553 – 4 . 001506 – 1 . 007276 = 0 . 020271 u = 0 . 020271 × 1 . 660 × 10 - 27 k g = 3 . 365 × 10 - 29 k g The energy released in the reaction = m c 2 = = 3 . 365 × 10 - 29 × ( 3 . 0 × 10 8 ) 2 = 3 . 028 × 10 - 12 J

The fusion reaction that holds most promise for the generation of electricity is the fusion of tritium H 1 3 and deuterium H 1 2 . The following equation shows the process: H 1 3 + H 1 2 → He 2 4 + H 1 1 Calculate: (c) the energy released if one mole of deuterium were reacted with one mole of tritium. (Mass of H 1 3 = 3 . 015500 u , mass of H 1 2 = 2 . 013553 u , mass of He 2 4 = 4 . 00150 u ; mass of H 1 1 = 1 . 007276 u . )

The change in mass in the reaction is equal to decrease in mass. So, Decrease in mass = 3 . 015500 + 2 . 013553 – 4 . 001506 – 1 . 007276 = 0 . 020271 u = 0 . 020271 × 1 . 660 × 10 - 27 k g = 3 . 365 × 10 - 29 k g The energy released in the reaction = m c 2 = = 3 . 365 × 10 - 29 × ( 3 . 0 × 10 8 ) 2 = 3 . 028 × 10 - 12 J The energy released if one mole of deuterium were reacted with one mole of tritium = energy per atom × N A So, energy released per mole = 3 . 028 × 10 - 12 × 6 . 023 × 10 23 = 1 . 823 × 10 12 J

The initial activity a sample of 1 mole of radon-220 is 8 . 02 × 10 21 s - 1 . Calculate: (a) the decay constant for this isotope.

The decay constant for radon-220 is given by using A = λ N 1 mole contains N A atoms. ⇒ λ = A N ⇒ λ = 8 . 02 × 10 21 6 . 023 × 10 23 ⇒ λ = 1 . 33 × 10 - 2 s - 1

The initial activity a sample of 1 mole of radon-220 is 8 . 02 × 10 21 s - 1 . Calculate: (b) the half-life of the isotope.

Given, Activity A = 8 . 02 × 10 21 s - 1 Using the formula of activity decay constant is given by A = λ N λ = A N = 8 . 02 × 10 21 6 . 02 × 10 23 = 1 . 33 × 10 - 2 The half-life of the radon-220 is given by λ t 1 / 2 = 0 . 693 t 1 / 2 = 0 . 693 λ = 0 . 693 1 . 33 × 10 - 2 = 52 . 0 s

The graph of count rate against time for a sample containing indium-116 is shown. (a) Use the graph to determine the half-life of the isotope.

From the graph, 2 × t 1 / 2 = 28 s t 1 / 2 = 28 2 = 14 s

The proportions of different isotopes in rocks can be used to date the rocks. The half-life of uranium-238 is 4 . 9 × 10 9 years. A sample has 99 . 2 % of the proportion of this isotope compared with newly formed rock. (a) Calculate the decay constant in y - 1 for this isotope of uranium.

Given, t 1 / 2 = 4 . 9 × 10 9 y e a r s Using the formula, λ = 0 . 693 t 1 / 2 = 0 . 693 4 . 9 × 10 9 = 1 . 4 × 10 - 10 y - 1

The proportions of different isotopes in rocks can be used to date the rocks. The half-life of uranium-238 is 4 . 9 × 10 9 years. A sample has 99 . 2 % of the proportion of this isotope compared with newly formed rock. (b) Calculate the age of the rock in years.

Given, Half-life t 1 / 2 = 4 . 9 × 10 9 y e a r s The age of the rock is given by ln N N ∘ = - λ t ln ( 0 . 992 ) = - 1 . 4 × 10 - 10 × t t = 5 . 7 × 10 7 y r

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AS and A Level

IMPORTANT

Earn 100

The fusion reaction that holds most promise for the generation of electricity is the fusion of tritium ${}_{1}^{3}H$ and deuterium ${}_{1}^{2}H$ .

The following equation shows the process: ${}_{1}^{3}H + {}_{1}^{2}H \to {}_{2}^{4}{He} + {}_{1}^{1}H$

Calculate:

(a) the change in mass in the reaction

(Mass of ${}_{1}^{3}H = 3.015500 u$ , Mass of ${}_{1}^{2}H = 2.013553 u$ , Mass of ${}_{2}^{4}{He} = 4.00150 u$ , Mass of ${}_{1}^{1}H = 1.007276 u .$ )

Important Questions on Nuclear Physics

HARD

AS and A Level

IMPORTANT

Physics for Cambridge International AS & A Level Coursebook 3rd Edition Digital Access>Chapter 29 - Nuclear Physics>EXAM-STYLE QUESTIONS>Q 8

The fusion reaction that holds most promise for the generation of electricity is the fusion of tritium ${}_{1}^{3}H$ and deuterium ${}_{1}^{2}H$ .

The following equation shows the process: ${}_{1}^{3}H + {}_{1}^{2}H \to {}_{2}^{4}{He} + {}_{1}^{1}H$

Calculate:

(b) the energy released in the reaction

(Mass of ${}_{1}^{3}H = 3.015500 u$ , Mass of ${}_{1}^{2}H = 2.013553 u$ , Mass of ${}_{2}^{4}{He} = 4.00150 u$ , Mass of ${}_{1}^{1}H = 1.007276 u .$ )

HARD

AS and A Level

IMPORTANT

Physics for Cambridge International AS & A Level Coursebook 3rd Edition Digital Access>Chapter 29 - Nuclear Physics>EXAM-STYLE QUESTIONS>Q 8

The fusion reaction that holds most promise for the generation of electricity is the fusion of tritium ${}_{1}^{3}H$ and deuterium ${}_{1}^{2}H$ . The following equation shows the process: ${}_{1}^{3}H + {}_{1}^{2}H \to {}_{2}^{4}{He} + {}_{1}^{1}H$

Calculate:

(Mass of ${}_{1}^{3}H = 3.015500 u$ , mass of ${}_{1}^{2}H = 2.013553 u$ , mass of ${}_{2}^{4}{He} = 4.00150 u;$ mass of ${}_{1}^{1}H = 1.007276 u .$ )

HARD

AS and A Level

IMPORTANT

Physics for Cambridge International AS & A Level Coursebook 3rd Edition Digital Access>Chapter 29 - Nuclear Physics>EXAM-STYLE QUESTIONS>Q 9

The initial activity a sample of 1 mole of radon-220 is $8.02 \times 10^{21} s^{- 1}$ .

Calculate:

(a) the decay constant for this isotope.

HARD

AS and A Level

IMPORTANT

Physics for Cambridge International AS & A Level Coursebook 3rd Edition Digital Access>Chapter 29 - Nuclear Physics>EXAM-STYLE QUESTIONS>Q 9

The initial activity a sample of 1 mole of radon-220 is $8.02 \times 10^{21} s^{- 1}$ .

Calculate:

(b) the half-life of the isotope.

HARD

AS and A Level

IMPORTANT

Physics for Cambridge International AS & A Level Coursebook 3rd Edition Digital Access>Chapter 29 - Nuclear Physics>EXAM-STYLE QUESTIONS>Q 10

The graph of count rate against time for a sample containing indium-116 is shown.

Question Image

(a) Use the graph to determine the half-life of the isotope.

HARD

AS and A Level

IMPORTANT

Physics for Cambridge International AS & A Level Coursebook 3rd Edition Digital Access>Chapter 29 - Nuclear Physics>EXAM-STYLE QUESTIONS>Q 10

The graph of count rate against time for a sample containing indium-116 is shown.

Question Image

(b) Calculate the decay constant.

HARD

AS and A Level

IMPORTANT

Physics for Cambridge International AS & A Level Coursebook 3rd Edition Digital Access>Chapter 29 - Nuclear Physics>EXAM-STYLE QUESTIONS>Q 11

The proportions of different isotopes in rocks can be used to date the rocks. The half-life of uranium-238 is $4.9 \times 10^{9}$ years. A sample has $99.2 %$ of the proportion of this isotope compared with newly formed rock.

(a) Calculate the decay constant in $y^{- 1}$ for this isotope of uranium.

HARD

AS and A Level

IMPORTANT

Physics for Cambridge International AS & A Level Coursebook 3rd Edition Digital Access>Chapter 29 - Nuclear Physics>EXAM-STYLE QUESTIONS>Q 11

(b) Calculate the age of the rock in years.

Important Questions on Nuclear Physics

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