The graph shows the effect of changes in pH on the activity of the enzyme lysozyme. Explain why pH affects the activity of the enzyme.

Enzyme is protein in nature. The pH is a measure of the amount of H+ ions in a solution that can react with the different R-groups of enzyme molecules leading to ionic bond breakage and alteration in the three-dimensional structure of the enzymes. This is called denaturation of enzymes that can significantly affect their functioning. Denaturation of enzyme occurs when the pH of the solution does not match the optimum pH required for a particular enzyme for its activity. pH is a measure of the hydrogen ion concentration; hydrogen ions are positively charged; The hydrogen ions can interact with the R groups of amino acids, and it affects ionic bonding or affects ionisation of R group. This phenomenon affects tertiary structure or 3D shape of enzyme, therefore, substrate may not fit active site.