Question

There were two main systems of indigo cultivation- nij and ryoti. Within the system of nij cultivation, the planter produced indigo in lands that he directly controlled. He either bought the land or rented it from other zamindars and produced indigo by directly employing hired labourers.

Describe the challenges faced by indigo planters in expanding the nij cultivation system during the colonial period. What were the obstacles they encountered in acquiring fertile lands and mobilising labour for large-scale indigo production?

Accepted Answer

It was challenging for the planters to increase the area under nij cultivation. Indigo could only be grown in fertile places which were all already highly populated.

It was only possible to buy a few little plots dispersed across the countryside. In order to develop indigo in plantations, planters needed wide expanses in compact blocks. They attempted to evict the local peasants and lease the property surrounding the indigo industry. But this inevitably resulted in disputes and tension.

It was also difficult to mobilise labour. To run a huge plantation, many hands were needed. Additionally, labour was required at a period when peasants were typically working on their rice fields. Large-scale Nij cultivation also required a lot of bullocks and ploughs. The cost of purchasing and maintaining ploughs was a significant issue.

Additionally, it was difficult to obtain supplies from the villagers because their bullocks and ploughs were occupied with their rice fields at the very moment the indigo growers required them. Planters were so hesitant to increase the area under nij cultivation until the late nineteenth century.

Important Questions on Ruling the Countryside

Learn and Prepare for any exam you want !