To reduce the ripples in a rectifier circuit with capacitor filter

Draw the output waveform across the resistor.

The amplifiers $\mathrm{X}, \mathrm{Y}$ and $\mathrm{Z}$ are connected in series. If the voltage gains of $\mathrm{X}, \mathrm{Y}$ and $\mathrm{Z}$ are $10, 20$ and $30$, respectively and the input signal is $1 \mathrm{mV}$ peak value, then what is the output signal voltage (peak value)

(i) if $\mathrm{dc}$ supply voltage is $10\mathrm{V}$?

(ii) if $\mathrm{dc}$ supply voltage is $5\mathrm{V}$?

(i) Name the type of a diode whose characteristics are shown in Fig. $\left(\mathrm{A}\right)$ and Fig. $\left(\mathrm{B}\right)$.

(ii) What does the point $\mathrm{P}$ in Fig. $\left(\mathrm{A}\right)$ represent?

(iii) What does the points $\mathrm{P}$ and $\mathrm{Q}$ in Fig. $\left(\mathrm{B}\right)$ represent?