Match the following: List-1 List-2 A) Global warming B) Eutrophication C) Biomagnification D) Ozone depletion I) Mercury II) UV-B rays III) Methane IV) Algal blooms V) Terror of Bengal The correct match is:

A = III , B = IV , C = I , D = II

A = III , B = V , C = I , D = II

A = II , B = I , C = IV , D = III

A = V , B = IV , C = II , D = I

Observe the following graph of regulators In the above graph I, II and III represent

I II III Regulators Conformers Partial regulators

I II III Conformers Regulators Partial regulators

I II III Partial regulators Conformers Regulators

I II III Partial regulators Regulators Conformers

Match the following. The correct combinations are List I List II List III (a) Diapause (i) Temperature variations with seasonal changes (p) Temperature lake (b) Cyclomorphosis (ii) Light produced by living organisms (q) Insects (c) Thermal stratification (iii) Inactiveness (r) Pyrosoma (d) Bioluminescence (iv) Seasonal morphological variations (s) Daphnia

(a-iii-q), (b-iv-s), (c-i-p), (d-ii-r)

(a-iii-r), (b-iv-q), (c-i-p), (d-ii-s)

(a-i-q), (b-iv-r), (c-ii-p), (d-ii-q)

(a-ii-s), (b-iv-q), (c-i-p), (d-ii-r)

Species which adds upto only a small proportion of the total biomass of a community, yet has a huge impact on the community's organization and survival

Common species that has plenty of biomass, yet has a fairly low impact on the community's organisation

Rare species that has minimal impact on the biomass and on their species in the community

Dominant species that constitutes a large proportion of the biomass and which affects many other species

What are flagship species

HARD

Life Sciences>Ecosystems: Interactions, Energy, and Dynamics>Evaluate the claims, evidence, and reasoning that the complex interactions in ecosystems maintain relatively consistent numbers and types of organisms in stable conditions, but changing conditions may result in a new ecosystem.>Ecosystem Dynamics, Functioning, and Resilience - A complex set of interactions within an ecosystem can keep its numbers and types of organisms relatively constant over long periods of time under stable conditions. If a modest biological or physical disturbance to an ecosystem occurs, it may return to its more or less original status (i.e., the ecosystem is resilient), as opposed to becoming a very different ecosystem. Extreme Fluctuations in conditions or the size of any population, however, can challenge the functioning of ecosystems in terms of resources and habitat availability.

Match the following:

List-1	List-2
A) Global warming B) Eutrophication C) Biomagnification D) Ozone depletion	I) Mercury II) UV-B rays III) Methane IV) Algal blooms V) Terror of Bengal

The correct match is:

MEDIUM

Life Sciences>Ecosystems: Interactions, Energy, and Dynamics>Evaluate the claims, evidence, and reasoning that the complex interactions in ecosystems maintain relatively consistent numbers and types of organisms in stable conditions, but changing conditions may result in a new ecosystem.>Ecosystem Dynamics, Functioning, and Resilience - A complex set of interactions within an ecosystem can keep its numbers and types of organisms relatively constant over long periods of time under stable conditions. If a modest biological or physical disturbance to an ecosystem occurs, it may return to its more or less original status (i.e., the ecosystem is resilient), as opposed to becoming a very different ecosystem. Extreme Fluctuations in conditions or the size of any population, however, can challenge the functioning of ecosystems in terms of resources and habitat availability.

How is green house gas raise the temperature of Earth?

MEDIUM

Life Sciences>Ecosystems: Interactions, Energy, and Dynamics>Evaluate the claims, evidence, and reasoning that the complex interactions in ecosystems maintain relatively consistent numbers and types of organisms in stable conditions, but changing conditions may result in a new ecosystem.>Ecosystem Dynamics, Functioning, and Resilience - A complex set of interactions within an ecosystem can keep its numbers and types of organisms relatively constant over long periods of time under stable conditions. If a modest biological or physical disturbance to an ecosystem occurs, it may return to its more or less original status (i.e., the ecosystem is resilient), as opposed to becoming a very different ecosystem. Extreme Fluctuations in conditions or the size of any population, however, can challenge the functioning of ecosystems in terms of resources and habitat availability.

Match the following

	LIST-I		LIST-II
A	Radioactive wastes	I	Global warming
B	Greenhouse effect	II	Snow blindness
C	UV — B rays	III	Biomagnification
D	DDT	IV	Mutations
		V	Eutrophication

The correct match is

HARD

Life Sciences>Ecosystems: Interactions, Energy, and Dynamics>Evaluate the claims, evidence, and reasoning that the complex interactions in ecosystems maintain relatively consistent numbers and types of organisms in stable conditions, but changing conditions may result in a new ecosystem.>Ecosystem Dynamics, Functioning, and Resilience - A complex set of interactions within an ecosystem can keep its numbers and types of organisms relatively constant over long periods of time under stable conditions. If a modest biological or physical disturbance to an ecosystem occurs, it may return to its more or less original status (i.e., the ecosystem is resilient), as opposed to becoming a very different ecosystem. Extreme Fluctuations in conditions or the size of any population, however, can challenge the functioning of ecosystems in terms of resources and habitat availability.

Describe the Green House effect.

EASY

Life Sciences>Ecosystems: Interactions, Energy, and Dynamics>Evaluate the claims, evidence, and reasoning that the complex interactions in ecosystems maintain relatively consistent numbers and types of organisms in stable conditions, but changing conditions may result in a new ecosystem.>Ecosystem Dynamics, Functioning, and Resilience - A complex set of interactions within an ecosystem can keep its numbers and types of organisms relatively constant over long periods of time under stable conditions. If a modest biological or physical disturbance to an ecosystem occurs, it may return to its more or less original status (i.e., the ecosystem is resilient), as opposed to becoming a very different ecosystem. Extreme Fluctuations in conditions or the size of any population, however, can challenge the functioning of ecosystems in terms of resources and habitat availability.

Observe the following graph of regulators

Question Image

In the above graph I, II and III represent

EASY

Life Sciences>Ecosystems: Interactions, Energy, and Dynamics>Evaluate the claims, evidence, and reasoning that the complex interactions in ecosystems maintain relatively consistent numbers and types of organisms in stable conditions, but changing conditions may result in a new ecosystem.>Ecosystem Dynamics, Functioning, and Resilience - A complex set of interactions within an ecosystem can keep its numbers and types of organisms relatively constant over long periods of time under stable conditions. If a modest biological or physical disturbance to an ecosystem occurs, it may return to its more or less original status (i.e., the ecosystem is resilient), as opposed to becoming a very different ecosystem. Extreme Fluctuations in conditions or the size of any population, however, can challenge the functioning of ecosystems in terms of resources and habitat availability.

Following are the responses of different animals to various abiotic factors. Describe each one with the help of an example.

Regulate

EASY

Life Sciences>Ecosystems: Interactions, Energy, and Dynamics>Evaluate the claims, evidence, and reasoning that the complex interactions in ecosystems maintain relatively consistent numbers and types of organisms in stable conditions, but changing conditions may result in a new ecosystem.>Ecosystem Dynamics, Functioning, and Resilience - A complex set of interactions within an ecosystem can keep its numbers and types of organisms relatively constant over long periods of time under stable conditions. If a modest biological or physical disturbance to an ecosystem occurs, it may return to its more or less original status (i.e., the ecosystem is resilient), as opposed to becoming a very different ecosystem. Extreme Fluctuations in conditions or the size of any population, however, can challenge the functioning of ecosystems in terms of resources and habitat availability.

Homeothermy in humans is maintained through

HARD

Life Sciences>Ecosystems: Interactions, Energy, and Dynamics>Evaluate the claims, evidence, and reasoning that the complex interactions in ecosystems maintain relatively consistent numbers and types of organisms in stable conditions, but changing conditions may result in a new ecosystem.>Ecosystem Dynamics, Functioning, and Resilience - A complex set of interactions within an ecosystem can keep its numbers and types of organisms relatively constant over long periods of time under stable conditions. If a modest biological or physical disturbance to an ecosystem occurs, it may return to its more or less original status (i.e., the ecosystem is resilient), as opposed to becoming a very different ecosystem. Extreme Fluctuations in conditions or the size of any population, however, can challenge the functioning of ecosystems in terms of resources and habitat availability.

Which of the following causes biomagnification?

EASY

Life Sciences>Ecosystems: Interactions, Energy, and Dynamics>Evaluate the claims, evidence, and reasoning that the complex interactions in ecosystems maintain relatively consistent numbers and types of organisms in stable conditions, but changing conditions may result in a new ecosystem.>Ecosystem Dynamics, Functioning, and Resilience - A complex set of interactions within an ecosystem can keep its numbers and types of organisms relatively constant over long periods of time under stable conditions. If a modest biological or physical disturbance to an ecosystem occurs, it may return to its more or less original status (i.e., the ecosystem is resilient), as opposed to becoming a very different ecosystem. Extreme Fluctuations in conditions or the size of any population, however, can challenge the functioning of ecosystems in terms of resources and habitat availability.

Match the following:

	List - 1		List -2
$A)$	Carbon monoxide	$I)$	Global warming
$B)$	Carbon dioxide	$II)$	UV - rays
$C)$	Sulphur dioxide	$III)$	Eutrophication
$D)$	Ozone depletion	$IV)$	Acid rain
		$V)$	Oxygen transport

The correct match is

EASY

Life Sciences>Ecosystems: Interactions, Energy, and Dynamics>Evaluate the claims, evidence, and reasoning that the complex interactions in ecosystems maintain relatively consistent numbers and types of organisms in stable conditions, but changing conditions may result in a new ecosystem.>Ecosystem Dynamics, Functioning, and Resilience - A complex set of interactions within an ecosystem can keep its numbers and types of organisms relatively constant over long periods of time under stable conditions. If a modest biological or physical disturbance to an ecosystem occurs, it may return to its more or less original status (i.e., the ecosystem is resilient), as opposed to becoming a very different ecosystem. Extreme Fluctuations in conditions or the size of any population, however, can challenge the functioning of ecosystems in terms of resources and habitat availability.

In Amphibian and reptiles, the body temperature changes corresponding to external temperature. The organisms which show this kind of response is termed as -

HARD

Life Sciences>Ecosystems: Interactions, Energy, and Dynamics>Evaluate the claims, evidence, and reasoning that the complex interactions in ecosystems maintain relatively consistent numbers and types of organisms in stable conditions, but changing conditions may result in a new ecosystem.>Ecosystem Dynamics, Functioning, and Resilience - A complex set of interactions within an ecosystem can keep its numbers and types of organisms relatively constant over long periods of time under stable conditions. If a modest biological or physical disturbance to an ecosystem occurs, it may return to its more or less original status (i.e., the ecosystem is resilient), as opposed to becoming a very different ecosystem. Extreme Fluctuations in conditions or the size of any population, however, can challenge the functioning of ecosystems in terms of resources and habitat availability.

Define Greenhouse gases. Give any two examples.

EASY

Life Sciences>Ecosystems: Interactions, Energy, and Dynamics>Evaluate the claims, evidence, and reasoning that the complex interactions in ecosystems maintain relatively consistent numbers and types of organisms in stable conditions, but changing conditions may result in a new ecosystem.>Ecosystem Dynamics, Functioning, and Resilience - A complex set of interactions within an ecosystem can keep its numbers and types of organisms relatively constant over long periods of time under stable conditions. If a modest biological or physical disturbance to an ecosystem occurs, it may return to its more or less original status (i.e., the ecosystem is resilient), as opposed to becoming a very different ecosystem. Extreme Fluctuations in conditions or the size of any population, however, can challenge the functioning of ecosystems in terms of resources and habitat availability.

Which of the following pairs of gases is mainly responsible for green house effect?

MEDIUM

Life Sciences>Ecosystems: Interactions, Energy, and Dynamics>Evaluate the claims, evidence, and reasoning that the complex interactions in ecosystems maintain relatively consistent numbers and types of organisms in stable conditions, but changing conditions may result in a new ecosystem.>Ecosystem Dynamics, Functioning, and Resilience - A complex set of interactions within an ecosystem can keep its numbers and types of organisms relatively constant over long periods of time under stable conditions. If a modest biological or physical disturbance to an ecosystem occurs, it may return to its more or less original status (i.e., the ecosystem is resilient), as opposed to becoming a very different ecosystem. Extreme Fluctuations in conditions or the size of any population, however, can challenge the functioning of ecosystems in terms of resources and habitat availability.

Define ‘deforestation’. Comment on its effects.

EASY

Life Sciences>Ecosystems: Interactions, Energy, and Dynamics>Evaluate the claims, evidence, and reasoning that the complex interactions in ecosystems maintain relatively consistent numbers and types of organisms in stable conditions, but changing conditions may result in a new ecosystem.>Ecosystem Dynamics, Functioning, and Resilience - A complex set of interactions within an ecosystem can keep its numbers and types of organisms relatively constant over long periods of time under stable conditions. If a modest biological or physical disturbance to an ecosystem occurs, it may return to its more or less original status (i.e., the ecosystem is resilient), as opposed to becoming a very different ecosystem. Extreme Fluctuations in conditions or the size of any population, however, can challenge the functioning of ecosystems in terms of resources and habitat availability.

Match the following. The correct combinations are

List I		List II		List III
(a)	Diapause	(i)	Temperature variations with seasonal changes	(p)	Temperature lake
(b)	Cyclomorphosis	(ii)	Light produced by living organisms	(q)	Insects
(c)	Thermal stratification	(iii)	Inactiveness	(r)	Pyrosoma
(d)	Bioluminescence	(iv)	Seasonal morphological variations	(s)	Daphnia

MEDIUM

Life Sciences>Ecosystems: Interactions, Energy, and Dynamics>Evaluate the claims, evidence, and reasoning that the complex interactions in ecosystems maintain relatively consistent numbers and types of organisms in stable conditions, but changing conditions may result in a new ecosystem.>Ecosystem Dynamics, Functioning, and Resilience - A complex set of interactions within an ecosystem can keep its numbers and types of organisms relatively constant over long periods of time under stable conditions. If a modest biological or physical disturbance to an ecosystem occurs, it may return to its more or less original status (i.e., the ecosystem is resilient), as opposed to becoming a very different ecosystem. Extreme Fluctuations in conditions or the size of any population, however, can challenge the functioning of ecosystems in terms of resources and habitat availability.

What is meant by seeding of clouds?

HARD

Life Sciences>Ecosystems: Interactions, Energy, and Dynamics>Evaluate the claims, evidence, and reasoning that the complex interactions in ecosystems maintain relatively consistent numbers and types of organisms in stable conditions, but changing conditions may result in a new ecosystem.>Ecosystem Dynamics, Functioning, and Resilience - A complex set of interactions within an ecosystem can keep its numbers and types of organisms relatively constant over long periods of time under stable conditions. If a modest biological or physical disturbance to an ecosystem occurs, it may return to its more or less original status (i.e., the ecosystem is resilient), as opposed to becoming a very different ecosystem. Extreme Fluctuations in conditions or the size of any population, however, can challenge the functioning of ecosystems in terms of resources and habitat availability.

Very soon, our country will be the world’s highest populous country. This alarming rise in population forces us to find new areas for food production. CMFRI suggested the conversion of mangrove forests into aquacultural areas. If so, what will be the environmental and health problems we will be facing?

MEDIUM

Life Sciences>Ecosystems: Interactions, Energy, and Dynamics>Evaluate the claims, evidence, and reasoning that the complex interactions in ecosystems maintain relatively consistent numbers and types of organisms in stable conditions, but changing conditions may result in a new ecosystem.>Ecosystem Dynamics, Functioning, and Resilience - A complex set of interactions within an ecosystem can keep its numbers and types of organisms relatively constant over long periods of time under stable conditions. If a modest biological or physical disturbance to an ecosystem occurs, it may return to its more or less original status (i.e., the ecosystem is resilient), as opposed to becoming a very different ecosystem. Extreme Fluctuations in conditions or the size of any population, however, can challenge the functioning of ecosystems in terms of resources and habitat availability.

Define greenhouse effect. Name the greenhouse gases.

MEDIUM

Life Sciences>Ecosystems: Interactions, Energy, and Dynamics>Evaluate the claims, evidence, and reasoning that the complex interactions in ecosystems maintain relatively consistent numbers and types of organisms in stable conditions, but changing conditions may result in a new ecosystem.>Ecosystem Dynamics, Functioning, and Resilience - A complex set of interactions within an ecosystem can keep its numbers and types of organisms relatively constant over long periods of time under stable conditions. If a modest biological or physical disturbance to an ecosystem occurs, it may return to its more or less original status (i.e., the ecosystem is resilient), as opposed to becoming a very different ecosystem. Extreme Fluctuations in conditions or the size of any population, however, can challenge the functioning of ecosystems in terms of resources and habitat availability.

Which ONE of the following statements about ecosystem energetics is INCORRECT?

EASY

Life Sciences>Ecosystems: Interactions, Energy, and Dynamics>Evaluate the claims, evidence, and reasoning that the complex interactions in ecosystems maintain relatively consistent numbers and types of organisms in stable conditions, but changing conditions may result in a new ecosystem.>Ecosystem Dynamics, Functioning, and Resilience - A complex set of interactions within an ecosystem can keep its numbers and types of organisms relatively constant over long periods of time under stable conditions. If a modest biological or physical disturbance to an ecosystem occurs, it may return to its more or less original status (i.e., the ecosystem is resilient), as opposed to becoming a very different ecosystem. Extreme Fluctuations in conditions or the size of any population, however, can challenge the functioning of ecosystems in terms of resources and habitat availability.

With reference to temperature adaptations, identify $A, B, C$ of the following graph

Question Image