The flower is considered as a modified shoot that is provided with nodes and internodes in the thalamus. The floral whorls arise from nodes. Generally, the internodes of a flower are suppressed. In some cases, one or more internodes of a flower are elongated like those of a branch. The elongation of the internode between the calyx and corolla of the flower is called anthophore. Example: Silene

The fruit is developed from the ovary of the flower after fertilization. Each fruit is surrounded by an envelope called the pericarp. It is developed from the wall of the ovary. The pericarp may be thick or thin. A thick pericarp is differentiated into epicarp, mesocarp and endocarp.

Seed is a mature integumented ovule formed as a result of fertilization. It is the embryo-bearing structure of the plant. The process of fertilization is accomplished by a number of chemical changes which takes place in the ovule. As a result of which, the ovule converted to seed. It is present inside the fruit.