The fruit is developed from the ovary of the flower after fertilization. Each fruit is surrounded by an envelope called the pericarp. It is developed from the wall of the ovary. The pericarp may be thick or thin. A thick pericarp is differentiated into epicarp, mesocarp and endocarp.

Seed is a mature integumented ovule formed as a result of fertilization. It is the embryo-bearing structure of the plant. The process of fertilization is accomplished by a number of chemical changes which takes place in the ovule. As a result of which, the ovule converted to seed. It is present inside the fruit.

The main axis of the embryo in which fleshy cotyledons are attached is called tigellum. The upper end of the tigellum bearing some crowded immature leaves is called plumule and the lower end which give rise to root is the radicle.