List out the various parts of the human brain and write a note on their functions.

The brain has enclosed within the skull, which provides frontal, lateral and dorsal protection. Anatomically, the brain is contained within the cranium and surrounded by cerebrospinal fluid. The human brain is divided into three parts-Forebrain, Midbrain and Hindbrain. And all these are further divided into their subparts. This picture represents the different parts of the brain. Parts of the brain along their functions are inscribed below sequentially: A. FOREBRAIN - It consists of three sub-parts, Cerebrum, Thalamus and Hypothalamus. Cerebrum - It makes an important part of the human brain as depicted in the diagram. The cerebrum is classified into two parts termed as Left and Right cerebral hemispheres. The Corpus callosum builds a connection between two hemispheres. The cerebral cortex shows grey colour due to the presence of non-medullated neurons and the white matter of the cerebrum is white due to the appearance of medullated neurons. Functions associated with cerebrum:- The cerebrum is the conscious mind which controls our thinking, imagination processes. It regulates all voluntary actions. The cerebrum comprises different centres for all our senses. There are different centres in the cerebrum for taste, smell, hearing, vision. Thalamus - It is also a component of the forebrain around which the cerebrum continues presently. Functions of thalamus:- It regulates and coordinates the signal and impulse passage in sensory and motor neurons. Hypothalamus - It is existing beneath the thalamus area. Functions of the hypothalamus:- It regulates all our emotions and feelings like love, anger, sadness. It is also responsible for the regulation of sexual behaviour. Our body temperature, thirst, hunger all are controlled by the hypothalamus. B. MIDBRAIN- It is located between the middle of the forebrain and hindbrain. Therefore, it is called the midbrain. The midbrain along with the hindbrain makes the brain stem which is an extension from the midbrain which through the hindbrain joins the spinal cord and is called the Brain stem. The midbrain consists of Corpora quadrigemina. Corpora quadrigemina - It consists of four forms therefore known as quadrigemina where quad stands for four. It is located in the distal part of the midbrain. It is classified into two parts where upper two calculi (spherical structures) are called superior calculi and lower calculi are called inferior calculi. Functions of corpora quadrigemina:- These are included in the control of reflexes associated with vision, hearing. C. HINDBRAIN- It consists of three subparts namely Pons, Cerebellum and Medulla oblongata. Pons: The pons is the primary structure of the brain stem present between the midbrain and medulla oblongata. It acts as a relay signal between the lower cerebellum, spinal cord, the midbrain, cerebrum and other higher parts of the brain. The main functions of the pons include: Controlling sleep cycles. It regulates the magnitude and frequency of respiration. It transfers the information between the cerebellum and motor cortex. Cerebellum - It is present in the cerebrum part of the forebrain. Functions of the cerebellum:- It controls the movement of our limbs. Medulla oblongata- This part connects with the spinal cord and develops the brain stem. It is located within the pons and brain stem. Functions of Medulla oblongata: - It regulates several involuntary activities like breathing, heart beating etc.

Copy and identify the type of neuron given below :

Neurons or nerve cells are the functional units of the nervous system. These have special structures but vary greatly in size and shape. Neurons have a cell body that encloses the cytoplasm and has a nucleus. A number of processes arise from the cell body. There is usually a single axon and a variable number of dendrites. Neurons can be unipolar, bipolar or multipolar. In the given figure, the structure is of the bipolar neuron . Bipolar neurons mean neurons that have two processes, i.e. one axon and one and another dendrite. These neurons are found in humans in sensory areas, i.e. they are involved in the transmission of impulses pertaining to senses like that of touch, sight, smell, taste.

Copy and identify the type of neuron given below :

Neurons or nerve cells are the functional units of the nervous system. These have special structures but vary greatly in size and shape. Neurons have a cell body that encloses the cytoplasm and has a nucleus. A number of processes arise from the cell body. There is usually a single axon and a variable number of dendrites. It can transmit electric signals. The given figure is of the unipolar neuron . Neurons can be unipolar, bipolar or multipolar. Unipolar neuron refers to neurons that have only one process. This kind of neuron is mostly found in invertebrates. Earth has the majority of invertebrates, so, unipolar neuron serves as the dominant population.