Breeding is the normal process of production of offspring through sexual reproduction (mating between a male and a female) in organisms. A breed is a group of animals (domestic) related by descent and similar in most characters (homogeneous) like general appearance, features, size, configuration, etc. Breeding of animals is an important aspect of animal husbandry involving selective cultivation. Its primary aims are: Increasing the yield of animals (stock breeding). Improving the desirable qualities of the product. Production of a product that is an ideal character of an organism, like fine wool or high milk output in cattle. Producing a wide range of plants by obtaining many cultivars.

Based on the salinity of water three types of the aquatic ecosystem are identified: Marine Freshwater Estuarine An estuary is an area at the end of a river that is in between land and the ocean. It is a partially enclosed water body where freshwater from streams or rivers mixes with the saltwater from the ocean. These are the most productive zone of the earth and are influenced by tides and on how seawater ascends towards the river. Estuaries are brackish water, and it is of four types; Coastal plain estuaries (flooded), tectonic estuaries (rifting or rifted), bar-built estuaries (sandbars or barrier islands), and fjord estuaries (created by glaciers).

In the trees belonging to the forests of India and Thailand, a resinous product is secreted from the female “lac bug” (with the scientific name Kerria lacca or Laccifer lacca ) on trees and this is known as sheenlac. Hence, the meaning of the word shellac is derived from the insect that secretes it, and it is refined in the flake form. Shellac is cultivated and refined because of its high commercial value. It is harvested and purified to form seed lac. It is sun-dried and then melted to produce shellac. It is used in different ways: Shellac is used in the preparation of shoes and leather polishes, floor polishes, and as a protective coating of wood. It is largely used as a sealing wax and adhesive in optical instruments. It is also used in the electrical industry as it is a good insulator. Used as filling material for gold ornaments. It is environmentally safe in its usage, this is because it is soluble in ethyl alcohol. Hence, the Federal Drug Administration (FDA) has approved its use to coat candies, pharmaceuticals, fruit, and baby and children's furniture. It is a quick dry coating on wood and dries in about 45 minutes (oil finishes take many hours to dry). It does not fade in sunlight or oxidise over time.