Name: Cell Cytoplasm
Uploaded: 2019-07-19
Duration: 4 min 22 s
Description: This video discusses one of the primary cell components: the cytoplasm and its constituents. It explains the position of the cytoplasm between the cell membrane and the cell's nucleus and establishes that the cell organelles suspend in it.

Question

What is cell? Mention different parts of a typical cell.

Accepted Answer

The structural and functional unit of life is called a cell. It was discovered by Robert Hooke in 1665. There are different parts of a typical cell. They are as follows:

Cell membrane: The thin semi-permeable membrane that surrounds the protoplasm of the cell is called the cell membrane or plasma membrane. It is made up of lipids and proteins. It maintains the normal structure of the cell and provides mechanical support. It helps in regulating cell growth through the process of endocytosis and exocytosis. It is present in both animal and plant cell.

Ribosomes: Ribosomes are non-membranous round, granular particles made up of ribonucleoprotein. They are made up of two subunits. The larger subunit is dome-shaped and the smaller subunit is cap-shaped. Prokaryotes have the 70S (50S and 30S) ribosomes while eukaryotes have 80S (60S and 40S) ribosomes. The major function of this organelle is protein synthesis.

Lysosome: The cell organelle present in the animal cell but absent in the plant cell is the lysosome. They contain hydrolytic enzymes which are also called acid hydrolase. They are located in the cytosol of the cytoplasm. The main function of the lysosome is it helps in cellular digestion.

Centromere: The centrosome contains two main parts: centriole and centrosome. Centriole is small cylindrical bodies that are surrounded by a dense cytoplasm called the centrosome. The function is it helps to maintain the chromosome number during cell division. It also pulls the chromatids apart during cell division. It is present only in an animal cell.

Golgi bodies: They are the membrane-bound organelle occurring near the nucleus. They are present in the cytosol of the cell. They consist of four to eight thin membrane-bound sacs. The stacked elements are called cisternae. In the peripheral part, small droplets-like sacs known as vesicles. They are associated with the secretory activity of the cell. They help in the formation of a cell wall which is only present in the plant cell, plasma membrane and secretory vesicles.

Nucleus: It is a protoplasmic denser body lying in the cytoplasm. It is composed of four parts. They are nuclear membrane, nuclear sap, nuclear reticulum, nucleolus. They contain chromosomes contains DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid) and genes which help in the transmission of hereditary characters.

Endoplasmic reticulum: Endoplasmic reticulum is a complex network of tubular membranes present in the cytoplasm of the eukaryotic cell. There are two types:

RER: It is important for the synthesis of proteins.

SER: It is responsible for the synthesis of lipids such as cholesterol.

What is cell? Mention different parts of a typical cell.

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