Heredity is the study of the transmission of genes from parents to offspring and the laws governing such a transmission. Along with genetic characters, variations also appear during the transmission. Branch of biology that deals with the study of heredity and variations are called genetics.

Rounded seeds (dominant trait) were crossed with wrinkled seeds (recessive trait). (i)What type of seeds will be produced in F 1 generation? (ii)By self-pollination in F 1 seeds, what percentage of seeds will be rounded shape in F 2 generation? Explain with diagram.

Mendel’s work went virtually unnoticed by the scientific community, which incorrectly believed that the process of inheritance involved a blending of parental traits that produced an intermediate physical appearance in offspring. This hypothetical process appeared to be correct because of what we know now as continuous variation. A monohybrid cross is one in which both parents are heterozygous (or a hybrid) for a single (mono) trait. Dominant refers to the relationship between two versions of a gene. A recessive trait is a trait that is expressed when an organism has two recessive alleles, or forms of a gene. Seed shape was one of the traits Mendel studied in his first set of experiments. (i) - Rounded seeds will be produced in F 1 generation. (ii) - The F 2 generation results from self-pollination of F 1 plants, and contained 75 % rounded seeds.

Phenotype is defined as the external appearance of an individual for any trait. It is observable and is determined by different combinations of alleles. For example, in the pea plant, the coloured flower represented by the genotype CC and Cc and the white flower represented by the genotype cc are the two phenotypes.

Answer the following: What will be the ratio in F 2 generation in Mendel's dihybrid cross?

A dihybrid cross is a cross between two individuals that are both heterozygous for two different traits. As an example, let's look at pea plants and say the two different traits we're examining are colour and shape of seeds. Mendel observed that the F2 progeny of his dihybrid cross had a 9:3:3:1 ratio and produced nine plants with round, yellow seeds, three plants with round, green seeds, three plants with wrinkled, yellow seeds and one plant with wrinkled, green seeds.

DNA is a genetic material present in all living organisms. It is a double helix. It contains deoxyribose sugar, nitrogen bases and a phosphate group. It is located in the nucleus of the cell. The DNA is enclosed by a chromosome with histone proteins.

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What is dominant character?

Important Questions on Heredity and Evolution

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Define the heredity.

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Who is known as the father of Genetics?

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How is the sex of the child determined in human beings?

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Answer the following:

Why do all gametes formed in females have only X chromosomes?

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What is the law of dominance of traits? Explain with an example.

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Select the correct alternative from those given below each statement and write the completed statement:

In Mendel’s breeding crosses, F₂ generation was produced through _____.

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What are Genetics? Explain Mendel law of dominance with line diagram.

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Rounded seeds (dominant trait) were crossed with wrinkled seeds (recessive trait).
(i)What type of seeds will be produced in F₁ generation?
(ii)By self-pollination in F₁ seeds, what percentage of seeds will be rounded shape in F₂ generation? Explain with diagram.

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Define phenotype.

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Assess how many types of gametes are produced from the Pea plant having the genotype RRYY

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Answer the following:

Name:

The sex chromosome boys inherit from their father.

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‘‘The sex of a newborn child is a matter of chance and none of the parents may be considered responsible for it.’’ Justify this statement with the help of a flow chart showing sex-determination in human beings.

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Gauri hurts her hand in an accident and two fingers had to be cut off. Her child is born with all the fingers on his hand. What conclusion can you draw from this?

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Answer the following:

What will be the ratio in F₂ generation in Mendel's dihybrid cross?

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How do Mendel's experiments show that traits may be dominant or recessive?

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Where are the genes found?

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Where is DNA found?

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How is the sex of child determined in human beings?

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Why are the traits acquired during the lifetime of an individual not inherited? Explain?

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A Mendelian experiment consisted of breeding pea plants bearing violet flowers with pea plants bearing white flowers. What will be the result in F1 progeny?

What is dominant character?

Important Questions on Heredity and Evolution

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