Flowers are the reproductive organ of the plant. In plants, flowers may arise singly or in a group. The arrangement of flowers on a floral axis of a plant is termed anthotaxy. The arranged groups of flowers are called an inflorescence. The main axis of an inflorescence is called a peduncle and the stalk of each flower is called a pedicel.

Pollination is the transfer of pollen grains (male gametophytes) from the anther to the stigma of the flower. In cross-pollinated plants, it takes place with the help of pollinating agents. The pollination is affected by mollusca like a snail is called malacophily and such flowers are called malacophilous flowers. Example: aroids

After pollination, the pollen grains produce pollen tubes and penetrate the tissue of stigma and style to reach the ovary. Ovules are present in the ovary which are covered by two integuments except in the micropylar region. When the pollen tube with its two male gametes and a tube nucleus, enter the ovule through the micropyle, then it is called porogamy.

The pollen grains produce pollen tubes after reaching in stigma and penetrate the tissue of stigma and style to reach the ovary. Ovules are present in the ovary which are covered by two integuments except in the micropylar region. The region located opposite the micropyle opening of the ovule is called chalaza. When the pollen tube enters the ovule through the chalaza, then it is called chalazogamy.