Structure and function Indicating the nature of evolution Based on the above two features establish the concept of analogous organ with the help of proper example?

Analogous organs is a type of convergent evolution in which the individual has similar functions but different ancestors. For example Birds, Bat and insects have similar functions of flying, but the structure of their wings are completely different and this also shows that different individuals have similar functions giving an example of convergent evolution.

Prepare a list of roles air sacs of pigeons play to fly in the air?

The air-sacs play an important role in the life of flying birds. The air-sacs are not provided with capillary network, so they are not directly respiratory in function. Besides, these sacs are essential components for aerial life. The following are the roles of air sacs of pigeon to fly in the air: • The air-sacs are so nicely arranged on the two sides of the body that proper centre of gravity is established for balanced flight. • Retention of warm moist air inside the air- sacs helps to regulate and maintain the body temperature.

A good number of Tilapia fishes are released in a pond having only different indigenous fish species grown naturally. Think and write which types of the struggle for existence Tilapia fishes have to face in order to survive?

Pond culture is the most famous method of growing Tilapia . One advantage is that the fish can use natural foods. Management of Tilapia ponds varies from extensive systems, using only organic or inorganic fertilisers, to the intensive system, using the high-protein feed, aeration, and water exchange. There are two types of the struggle of existence Tilapia fishes have to face in order to survive : Struggle against the environment. Interspecific struggling between Tilapia fish and indigenous fish.

Discuss the following three events as mentioned in the evolutionary theory of Darwin: Prodigality of production Origin of variation Natural selection 'Adaptation is the change of shape, physiological functions and behaviour of organism'-Justify the statement with the help of any two examples.

Darwin calculated and concluded that if all eggs spawned by an oyster survived and multiplied in a year, the shells would heap up to eight times the size of the earth. Prodigality of Production is the Power of multiplication or reproduction is one of the prime features of life. Organisms reproduce at a very high rate. For Example, a female salmon produces 28,000,000 eggs in a season, Ascaris lumbricoides passes 7 lakhs eggs in 24-hours, an oyster liberates 114,000,000 eggs at a single spawning and Rana catesbiana produces 20,000 eggs annually. Variation is any difference between cells, individual organisms, or groups of organisms of any species caused either by genetic differences (genotypic variation) or by the effect of environmental factors on the expression of the genetic potentials (phenotypic variation). Genotypic variations are caused by differences in number or structure of chromosomes or by differences in the genes carried by the chromosomes. Eye colour, body form, and disease resistance are genotypic variations. The mechanism that Darwin proposed for evolution is natural selection. Because resources are limited in nature, organisms with heritable traits that favour survival and reproduction will tend to leave more offspring than their peers, causing the traits to increase in frequency over generations. Natural selection causes populations to become adapted, or increasingly well-suited, to their environments over time. Natural selection depends on the environment and requires existing heritable variation in a group.

With the help of arrow signs, show the major evolutionary events as occurred gradually after the origin of life.

The Earth formed roughly 4.5 billion years ago, and life probably began between 3.5 and 3.9 billion years ago. The Oparin-Haldane hypothesis suggests that life arose gradually from inorganic molecules, with “building blocks” like amino acids forming first and then combining to make complex polymers. For many millions of years, early Earth was surrounded by asteroids and other celestial objects. In 1953, Stanley Miller and Harold Urey did an experiment to test Oparin and Haldane’s ideas. They found that organic molecules could be spontaneously produced under reducing conditions thought to resemble those of early Earth. They have proposed that life on Earth could have arisen step-by-step from non-living matter through a process of “gradual chemical evolution.” The major evolutionary events as occurred gradually in the origin of life are: Simple inorganic molecules could have reacted to form building blocks like amino acids and nucleotides, which could have accumulated in the oceans, making a "primordial soup." The building blocks could have combined in further reactions, forming larger, more complex molecules. The polymers could have assembled into units or structures that were capable of sustaining and replicating themselves. Once formed, these building blocks could have come together to form polymers such as proteins or RNA. Eventually, the metabolic networks might have been able to build large molecules such as proteins and nucleic acids. Formation of "individuals" enclosed by membranes.

E M B I B E

EMBIBE CHAPTER WISE PREVIOUS YEAR PAPERS FOR SCIENCE>Chapter 17 - Evolution and Adaptation>West Bengal Board-2018>Q 5

EASY

10th West Bengal Board

IMPORTANT

Earn 100

What is one adaptation of the Sundari plant for salt tolerance?

Important Questions on Evolution and Adaptation

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10th West Bengal Board

IMPORTANT

EMBIBE CHAPTER WISE PREVIOUS YEAR PAPERS FOR SCIENCE>Chapter 17 - Evolution and Adaptation>West Bengal Board-2018>Q 6

Which are the vestigial organs present in the vertebral column and alimentary canal in the human body? Name one of each.

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10th West Bengal Board

IMPORTANT

EMBIBE CHAPTER WISE PREVIOUS YEAR PAPERS FOR SCIENCE>Chapter 17 - Evolution and Adaptation>West Bengal Board-2018>Q 7

Write in chronological sequence the names of four main fossil ancestors during the course of evolution of the horse.

MEDIUM

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EMBIBE CHAPTER WISE PREVIOUS YEAR PAPERS FOR SCIENCE>Chapter 17 - Evolution and Adaptation>West Bengal Board-2018>Q 8

How are the special features of RBC in camels related to their ability to withstand extreme loss of water? Give examples of the ways Chimpanzees solve their problems intelligently for procuring food and preventing disease.

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EMBIBE CHAPTER WISE PREVIOUS YEAR PAPERS FOR SCIENCE>Chapter 17 - Evolution and Adaptation>West Bengal Board-2018>Q 9

Explain the process of Natural Selection as proposed by Darwin with the help of a suitable example. What are the roles of swim bladder in the aquatic adaptation of Rohu fish?

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EMBIBE CHAPTER WISE PREVIOUS YEAR PAPERS FOR SCIENCE>Chapter 17 - Evolution and Adaptation>West Bengal Board-2019>Q 10

Identify which of the following indicates inter-specific struggle -

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EMBIBE CHAPTER WISE PREVIOUS YEAR PAPERS FOR SCIENCE>Chapter 17 - Evolution and Adaptation>West Bengal Board-2019>Q 11

Determine the term related to the theory of Lamarck -

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