What is power of refracting surface

A parallel beam of light strikes a piece of transparent glass having cross section as shown in the figure below. Correct shape of the emergent wavefront will be (figures are schematic and not drawn to scale)

A beaker of radius $r$ is filled with water$\left(\text{refractive index} \frac{4}{3}\right)$ up to a height $H$ as shown in the figure on the left. The beaker is kept on a horizontal table rotating with angular speed $\omega$. This makes the water surface curved so that the difference in the height of water level at the centre and at the circumference of the beaker is $h\left(h\ll H\text{,} h\ll r\right)$, as shown in the figure on the right. Take this surface to be approximately spherical with a radius of curvature $R.$ Which of the following is/are correct? ($g$ is the acceleration due to gravity)

A light ray enters a solid glass sphere of refractive index $\mathrm{\mu }=\sqrt{3}$ at an angle of incidence $60°$. The ray is both reflected and refracted at the farther surface of the sphere. The angle (in degrees) between the reflected and refracted rays at this surface is:

A transparent thin film of uniform thickness and refractive index ${\mathrm{n}}_1=1.4$ is coated on the convex spherical surface of radius R at one end of a long solid glass cylinder of refractive index ${\mathrm{n}}_2=1.5$ , as shown in the figure. Rays of light parallel to the axis of the cylinder traversing through the film from air to glass get focused at distance f₁ from the film, while rays of light traversing from glass to air get focused at distance f₂ from the film. Then

A beam of diameter $d$ is incident on a glass hemisphere as shown. If the radius of curvature of the hemisphere is very large in comparison to $d$, then the diameter of the beam at the base of the hemisphere will be

For a optical arrangement shown in the figure. Find the position and nature of images